centos7.3 安裝mysql5.7.18案例詳細說明

1查看Linux發(fā)行版本

[root@typecodes ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

2 下載MySQL官方的Yum Repository

根據Linux發(fā)行版本（CentOS、Fedora都屬于紅帽系），從mysql官方（http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/）獲取Yum Repository。

[root@typecodes ~]# wget -i http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
--2016-02-03 18:36:02-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com) 137.254.60.11 :80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: http://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm [following]
--2016-02-03 18:36:04-- http://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 104.102.164.25
Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com) 104.102.164.25 :80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 8984 (8.8K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm'
100%[=============================================================================================================================>] 8,984  --.-K/s in 0s
2016-02-03 18:36:07 (68.4 MB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm' saved [8984/8984]
3 安裝MySQL的Yum Repository
安裝完MySQL的Yum Repository，每次執(zhí)行yum update都會檢查MySQL是否更新。
[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: axelget, fastestmirror, langpacks
Examining mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch
Marking mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=======================================================================================================================================================================
 Package          Arch      Version     Repository             Size
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql57-community-release      noarch      el7-7      /mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch      7.8 k
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 7.8 k
Installed size: 7.8 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 Installing : mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch                            1/1 
 Verifying : mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch                           1/1
Installed:
 mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-7
Complete!

3 安裝MySQL數據庫的服務器版本

[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: axelget, fastestmirror, langpacks
No metadata available for base
No metadata available for epel
No metadata available for extras
repomd.xml                                    2.5 kB 00:00:00  
update mysql-connectors-community metadata successfully
repomd.xml                                    2.5 kB 00:00:00  
update mysql-tools-community metadata successfully
repomd.xml                                    2.5 kB 00:00:00  
update mysql57-community metadata successfully
No metadata available for updates
mysql-connectors-community                                2.5 kB 00:00:00  
mysql-tools-community                                 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
mysql57-community                                  2.5 kB 00:00:00  
(1/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db                           24 kB 00:00:01  
(2/3): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db                            28 kB 00:00:01  
(3/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db                          8.6 kB 00:00:02  
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.10-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) = 5.7.10-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) = 5.7.10-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos will be obsoleted
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=======================================================================================================================================================================
 Package           Arch       Version        Repository        Size
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-community-libs        x86_64      5.7.10-1.el7       mysql57-community      2.2 M
  replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos
 mysql-community-libs-compat      x86_64      5.7.10-1.el7       mysql57-community      2.0 M
  replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos
 mysql-community-server        x86_64      5.7.10-1.el7       mysql57-community      142 M
Installing for dependencies:
 mysql-community-client        x86_64      5.7.10-1.el7       mysql57-community       24 M
 mysql-community-common        x86_64      5.7.10-1.el7       mysql57-community      269 k
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Install 3 Packages (+2 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 171 M
Downloading packages:
mysql-community-server-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                           142 MB 00:03:42  
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                          2.0 MB 00:00:03  
mysql-community-libs-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                           2.2 MB 00:00:05  
mysql-community-client-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                           24 MB 00:00:41  
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY00 ETA 
Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
mysql-community-common-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                           269 kB 00:00:01  
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 Userid  : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
 Package : mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch (@/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch)
 From  : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                           1/6 
 Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                           2/6 
 Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                           3/6 
 Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                           4/6 
 Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                          5/6 
 Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64                           6/6 
 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                           1/6 
 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                          2/6 
 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                           3/6 
 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                           4/6 
 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                           5/6 
 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64                           6/6
Installed:
 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7   mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7   mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7
Dependency Installed:
 mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7          mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7
Replaced:
 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos
Complete!
[root@typecodes ~]# clear

最后的截圖：

4 啟動數據庫：

[root@typecodes ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service

然后使用命令systemctl status mysqld.service查看MySQL數據庫啟動后的服務狀態(tài)：

5 獲取初始密碼

使用YUM安裝并啟動MySQL服務后，MySQL進程會自動在進程日志中打印root用戶的初始密碼：

#######從mysql進程日志中獲取root用戶的初始密碼：ra%yk7urCBIh
[root@typecodes ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2016-02-03T10:42:17.272166Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ra%yk7urCBIh
2016-02-03T10:42:36.776875Z 2 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2016-02-03T10:42:52.063138Z 3 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2016-02-03T10:42:57.564373Z 4 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2016-02-03T10:43:01.477007Z 5 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2016-02-03T10:46:03.642008Z 6 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2016-02-03T10:46:11.217889Z 7 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2016-02-03T10:47:44.755199Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'validate_password'
2016-02-03T10:47:46.505844Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'
2016-02-03T10:47:46.505851Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'

6 修改root用戶密碼

使用小節(jié)5中獲取的root用戶的初始密碼，然后進行修改：

set global validate_password_policy =0;//默認是1，即MEDIUM，所以剛開始設置的密碼必須符合長度，且必須含有數字，小寫或大寫字母，特殊字符。

set global validate_password_length=4;//指定了密碼中數據的長度
alter user root@localhost identified by 'crow';//修改密碼

增加遠程訪問權限

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'crow' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

退出mysql，然后重啟服務

systemctl restart mysqld

防火墻打開3306端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

重啟防火墻

firewall-cmd --reload
[root@typecodes ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:    #######輸入默認的root密碼后回車
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.10
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye

7 安裝完畢

至此，使用在CentOS7中使用YUM方法安裝MySQL5.7.10數據庫完畢。如下所示，可以使用新的root密碼登陸MySQL了。

[root@typecodes ~]# mysql -uroot -ppassword
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.10 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
  Database    
+--------------------+
  information_schema  
  mysql     
  performance_schema  
  sys     
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> clear
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@typecodes ~]# clear

附錄1：查看MySQL數據庫的配置信息

MySQL的配置文件依然是/etc/my.cnf，其它安裝信息可以通過mysql_config命令查看。其中，動態(tài)庫文件存放在/usr/lib64/mysql目錄下。

附錄2：對于C/C++等開發(fā)者

由于需要用到類似mysql.h等頭文件，需要執(zhí)行下面的命令安裝mysql開發(fā)版本即可。

[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-devel

附錄3：刪除MySQL的Repository

因為小節(jié)3中安裝了MySQL的Yum Repository，所以以后每次執(zhí)行yum操作時，都會去檢查更新。如果想要去掉這種自動檢查操作的話，可以使用如下命令卸載MySQL的Repository即可。

[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch
update 2017.04.10 11:10

使用上面的yum方法也可以安裝目前mysql官網上最新的版本mysql5.7.18。只要替換小節(jié)2中rmp包的版本即可，后續(xù)操作步驟不變。

wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

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