教你怎么在阿里云與騰訊云簡單搭建傳統(tǒng)主從復(fù)制環(huán)境圖文詳細(xì)教程

雖然圖上一共有7步，可以簡化一下幫助記憶和理解：

1. Master上進(jìn)行改、寫操作；

2. MySQL把修改數(shù)據(jù)寫進(jìn)binlog；

3. Slave發(fā)起IO thread，把master上新的binlog拉取到本地中繼日志中；

4. 重放中繼日志，讓在master上面的修改、新增操作在Slave本機(jī)上重新運行一遍；

5. Slave按照正常的操作也會把操作寫進(jìn)本地的binlog。

硬件環(huán)境

本人有阿里云、騰訊云各一臺屌絲機(jī)，因此用來試驗，為保護(hù)隱私，把ip已經(jīng)替換了，但不影響操作。

Master上設(shè)置

開啟binlog設(shè)置server-id

在/etc/my.cnf中的mysqld選項下編輯，然后重啟

[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1003306

/etc/init.d/mysql restart

創(chuàng)建復(fù)制專用賬號

mysql> CREATE USER 'repl'@'%.mydomain.com' IDENTIFIED BY 'slave;
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.1.200';

導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)同步到騰訊云上面

使用mysqldump導(dǎo)出所有數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)，另外備份文件中會記錄當(dāng)前的binlog文件和position。

#防止DDL、寫操作
mysql>FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
shell>mysqldump -uroot -p --single-transaction --master-data=2 -A>back.sql

也通過以下方式可以查看：

root@localhost [mysql]>show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  File               Position   Binlog_Do_DB   Binlog_Ignore_DB   Executed_Gtid_Set  
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  mysql-bin.000045        939                                                        
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

解鎖表

mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;

遠(yuǎn)程傳文件過去

如果數(shù)據(jù)文件偏大或者數(shù)據(jù)多，可以使用percona的xtrabackup進(jìn)行備份壓縮，再傳過去。

rsync back.sql root@192.168.1.200:/root

Slave操作

開啟binlog設(shè)置server-id

在/etc/my.cnf中的mysqld選項下編輯

[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=2003306

重啟MySQL服務(wù)

導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)

shell>mysqldump -uroot -p --databases t1 <back.sql

指向Master

這里的MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS是剛才show master status的值，當(dāng)然也可以使用more查看應(yīng)該指定的位置。

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.200',MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='slave',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000045',MASTER_LOG_POS=939;

這里的MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS是剛才show master status的值，當(dāng)然也可以使用more查看應(yīng)該指定的位置。

shell>more back.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.7.14, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: 
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version   5.7.14-log

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from
--

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000045', MASTER_LOG_POS=939;

啟動slave

mysql>start slave;
mysql>show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.200
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000045
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 939
               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000001
                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000045
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 939
              Relay_Log_Space: 154
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 23306
                  Master_UUID: 9a13d860-b55b-11e6-bf33-00163e054164
             Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 3feb36dc-ef7e-11e6-a535-52540043f116:1-337886
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

這里看到Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running雙YES一般就沒有問題了。

驗證

現(xiàn)在可以在主上面進(jìn)行一些新建數(shù)據(jù)庫、新建數(shù)據(jù)表、插入輸出等方式來驗證是否主從生效。此步驟就大家自己隨意發(fā)揮吧！

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