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SSL連接的案例圖文說明教程

發(fā)表時間：2023-08-26 來源：明輝站整理相關軟件相關文章人氣：

[摘要]MySQL 5.7--------SSL連接最佳實戰(zhàn)1. 背景 * 在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境下，安全總是無法忽視的問題，數(shù)據(jù)庫安全則是重中之重，因為所有的數(shù)據(jù)都存放在數(shù)據(jù)庫中 * 當使用非加密方式連接MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫時，在網(wǎng)絡中傳輸?shù)乃行畔⒍际敲魑牡�，可以被網(wǎng)絡中所有人截取，敏感信息可能被泄露。在傳送...
MySQL 5.7--------SSL連接最佳實戰(zhàn)

1. 背景

* 在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境下，安全總是無法忽視的問題，數(shù)據(jù)庫安全則是重中之重，因為所有的數(shù)據(jù)都存放在數(shù)據(jù)庫中

* 當使用非加密方式連接MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫時，在網(wǎng)絡中傳輸?shù)乃行畔⒍际敲魑牡�，可以被網(wǎng)絡中所有人截取，敏感信息可能被泄露。在傳送敏感信息（如密碼）時，可以采用SSL連接的方式。

* 版本小于5.7.6時按照 MySQL 5.6 SSL配置的方式進行。

2. MySQL 連接方式

* socket連接

* TCP非SSL連接

* SSL安全連接

* SSL + 密碼連接 [version > MySQL 5.7.5]

　　 * SSL + 密碼 + 密鑰連接

3. SSL 簡介

* SSL指的是SSL/TLS，其是一種為了在計算機網(wǎng)絡進行安全通信的加密協(xié)議。假設用戶的傳輸不是通過SSL的方式，那么其在網(wǎng)絡中以明文的方式進行傳輸，而這給別有用心的人帶來了可乘之機。所以，現(xiàn)在很多網(wǎng)站其實默認已經(jīng)開啟了SSL功能，比如Facebook、Twtter、YouTube、淘寶等。

SSL連接的實例教程

4. 環(huán)境 [ 關閉SeLinux ]

* system 環(huán)境

[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
[root@MySQL ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64
[root@MySQL ~]# getenforce
Disabled

* MySQL 環(huán)境 [ MySQL 5.7安裝前面篇章已做詳細介紹 ]

have_openssl 與 have_ssl 值都為DISABLED表示ssl未開啟

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -p'123'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
version()
+-----------+
5.7.18
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'have%ssl%';
+---------------+----------+
Variable_name Value
+---------------+----------+
have_openssl DISABLED
have_ssl DISABLED
+---------------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'port';
+---------------+-------+
Variable_name Value
+---------------+-------+
port 3306
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'datadir';
+---------------+-------------------+
Variable_name Value
+---------------+-------------------+
datadir /data/mysql_data/
+---------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

5. SSL配置

* 利用自帶工具生成SSL相關文件

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/data/mysql_data
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
..........................................................................+++
.....+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.......................................................................................................................................................................+++
...+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.....................+++
...........................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----
* 查看生成的SSL文件
[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem
* 重啟 MySQL 服務
[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
* 連接MySQL 查看SSL開啟狀態(tài)

have_openssl 與 have_ssl 值都為YES表示ssl開啟成功

mysql> show variables like 'have%ssl%';
+---------------+-------+
Variable_name Value
+---------------+-------+
have_openssl YES
have_ssl YES
+---------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)

6. SSL + 密碼連接測試

* 創(chuàng)建用戶并指定 SSL 連接 [ MySQL 5.7后推薦使用create user 方式創(chuàng)建用戶 ]

mysql> create user 'ssl_test'@'%' identified by '123' require SSL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 通過密碼連接測試 [ 默認采用SSL連接，需要指定不使用SSL連接 ]
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p'123' --ssl=0
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'ssl_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)
* 通過 SSL + 密碼 連接測試

SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通過SSL連接

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p'123' --ssl
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
WARNING: --ssl is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use --ssl-mode instead.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 12
Current database:
Current user: ssl_test@192.168.60.129
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
TCP port: 3306
Uptime: 7 min 34 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 29 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 112 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 105 Queries per second avg: 0.063
--------------

7. SSL + 密碼 + 密鑰連接

* 創(chuàng)建用戶并指定 X509 [ SSL+密鑰 ] 連接 [ MySQL 5.7后推薦使用create user 方式創(chuàng)建用戶 ]

mysql> create user 'X509_test'@'%' identified by '123' require X509;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 通過密碼連接測試
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl=0
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'X509_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)
* 通過 SSL +密碼 連接測試
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'X509_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)
* 通過 SSL + 密碼＋密鑰連接測試

　 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通過SSL連接

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl-cert=/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem --ssl-key=/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 21
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 21
Current database:
Current user: X509_test@192.168.60.129
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
TCP port: 3306
Uptime: 18 min 27 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 40 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 118 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 111 Queries per second avg: 0.036
--------------

以上就是SSL連接的實例教程的詳細內(nèi)容，更多請關注php中文網(wǎng)其它相關文章！


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