詳細(xì)說(shuō)明MySQL5.7中的關(guān)鍵字與保留字
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2023-09-02 來(lái)源:明輝站整理相關(guān)軟件相關(guān)文章人氣:
[摘要]最近在將數(shù)據(jù)從Oracle遷移到MySQL的過(guò)程中,遇到一些問(wèn)題,其中就包括關(guān)鍵字。下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了MySQL 5.7中的關(guān)鍵字與保留字的相關(guān)資料,文中介紹的非常詳細(xì),需要的朋友可以參考學(xué)習(xí),下面來(lái)一起看看吧。前言MySQL和Oracle的關(guān)鍵字還是不盡相同的,在Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中,...
最近在將數(shù)據(jù)從Oracle遷移到
MySQL的過(guò)程中,遇到一些問(wèn)題,其中就包括關(guān)鍵字。下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了MySQL 5.7中的關(guān)鍵字與
保留字的相關(guān)資料,文中介紹的非常詳細(xì),需要的朋友可以參考學(xué)習(xí),下面來(lái)一起看看吧。
前言
MySQL和Oracle的關(guān)鍵字還是不盡相同的,在Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中,我們的數(shù)據(jù)表中定義了大量的code字段用來(lái)表示主鍵,但是在MySQL中code是關(guān)鍵字,使用以前的處理方法就有些“水土不服”。
下面我們來(lái)了解一下MySQL中的關(guān)鍵字和保留字。
什么是關(guān)鍵字和保留字
關(guān)鍵字是指在SQL中有意義的字。 某些關(guān)鍵字(例如SELECT,DELETE或BIGINT)是保留的,需要特殊處理才能用作表和列名稱等標(biāo)識(shí)符。 這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于內(nèi)置函數(shù)的名稱也適用。
如何使用關(guān)鍵字和保留字
非保留關(guān)鍵字允許作為標(biāo)識(shí)符,不需要加引號(hào)。 如果您要適用保留字作為標(biāo)識(shí)符,就必須適用引號(hào)。
舉個(gè)例子,BEGIN和END是關(guān)鍵字,但不是保留字,因此它們用作標(biāo)識(shí)符不需要引號(hào)。 INTERVAL是保留關(guān)鍵字,必須加上引號(hào)才能用作標(biāo)識(shí)符。
mysql>
mysql> use hoegh;
Database changed
mysql>
mysql> CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT);
ERROR 1064 (42000):
mysql>
mysql> CREATE TABLE `interval` (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.42 sec)
mysql>
mysql> show create table `interval`;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
Table Create Table
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
interval CREATE TABLE `interval` (
`begin` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`end` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
我們看到,第一條語(yǔ)句中表名使用了保留字interval,執(zhí)行失敗;
第二條語(yǔ)句對(duì)interval加了引號(hào),執(zhí)行成功。
在這里需要注意的是,引號(hào)必須是反引號(hào),而非單引號(hào)。否則會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò),如下所示:
mysql>
mysql> drop table `interval`;--使用反引號(hào)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql>
mysql> create table 'interval' (begin INT, end INT);--使用單引號(hào),報(bào)錯(cuò)
ERROR 1064 (42000):
mysql>
有一個(gè)例外
如果標(biāo)識(shí)符在限定名稱(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名)的句點(diǎn)之后,即使是保留關(guān)鍵字也不需要引號(hào)。
我們以hoegh數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)為例,如果表名寫為hoegh.interval就不需要對(duì)保留字interval加引號(hào)了。
mysql>
mysql> create table hoegh.interval (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)
mysql>
mysql> show create table hoegh.interval;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
Table Create Table
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
interval CREATE TABLE `interval` (
`begin` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`end` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
關(guān)于使用內(nèi)置函數(shù)名稱
允許內(nèi)置函數(shù)的名稱可以作為標(biāo)識(shí)符,但最好謹(jǐn)慎使用。例如,COUNT作為列名稱是合法的。但是,默認(rèn)情況下,在函數(shù)名和后面的(之間的函數(shù)調(diào)用中不允許有空格。這個(gè)限制使解析器能夠區(qū)分名稱是用于函數(shù)調(diào)用還是用在非函數(shù)上下文中。
附錄
在某些時(shí)候,您可能需要升級(jí)到更高版本,因此最好查看一下未來(lái)的保留字。您可以在涵蓋更高版本的MySQL的手冊(cè)中找到這些。對(duì)于表中的大多數(shù)保留字,在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)SQL中禁止作為列或表的名稱(例如,GROUP)。其中一些保留字,是由于MySQL需要它們并使用一個(gè)yacc解析器。
以下列出三張表格:
第一個(gè)表格10.2顯示MySQL 5.7中的關(guān)鍵字和保留字。保留的關(guān)鍵字標(biāo)記為(R)。此外,_FILENAME是保留的。
第二個(gè)表格10.3顯示MySQL 5.7相比5.6版本新增的保留字。
第三個(gè)表格10.4顯示MySQL 5.7相比5.6版本刪除的保留字。
Table 10.2 Keywords and Reserved Words in MySQL 5.7
ACCESSIBLE (R) | ACCOUNT[a] | ACTION |
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ADD (R) | AFTER | AGAINST |
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AGGREGATE | ALGORITHM | ALL (R) |
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ALTER (R) | ALWAYS[b] | ANALYSE |
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ANALYZE (R) | AND (R) | ANY |
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AS (R) | ASC (R) | ASCII |
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ASENSITIVE (R) | AT | AUTOEXTEND_SIZE |
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AUTO_INCREMENT | AVG | AVG_ROW_LENGTH |
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BACKUP | BEFORE (R) | BEGIN |
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BETWEEN (R) | BIGINT (R) | BINARY (R) |
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BINLOG | BIT | BLOB (R) |
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BLOCK | BOOL | BOOLEAN |
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BOTH (R) | BTREE | BY (R) |
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BYTE | CACHE | CALL (R) |
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CASCADE (R) | CASCADED | CASE (R) |
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CATALOG_NAME | CHAIN | CHANGE (R) |
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CHANGED | CHANNEL[c] | CHAR (R) |
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CHARACTER (R) | CHARSET | CHECK (R) |
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CHECKSUM | CIPHER | CLASS_ORIGIN |
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CLIENT | CLOSE | COALESCE |
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CODE | COLLATE (R) | COLLATION |
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COLUMN (R) | COLUMNS | COLUMN_FORMAT |
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COLUMN_NAME | COMMENT | COMMIT |
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COMMITTED | COMPACT | COMPLETION |
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COMPRESSED | COMPRESSION[d] | CONCURRENT |
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CONDITION (R) | CONNECTION | CONSISTENT |
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CONSTRAINT (R) | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | CONSTRAINT_NAME |
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CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | CONTAINS | CONTEXT |
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CONTINUE (R) | CONVERT (R) | CPU |
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CREATE (R) | CROSS (R) | CUBE |
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CURRENT | CURRENT_DATE (R) | CURRENT_TIME (R) |
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CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R) | CURRENT_USER (R) | CURSOR (R) |
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CURSOR_NAME | DATA | DATABASE (R) |
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DATABASES (R) | DATAFILE | DATE |
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DATETIME | DAY | DAY_HOUR (R) |
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DAY_MICROSECOND (R) | DAY_MINUTE (R) | DAY_SECOND (R) |
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DEALLOCATE | DEC (R) | DECIMAL (R) |
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DECLARE (R) | DEFAULT (R) | DEFAULT_AUTH |
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DEFINER | DELAYED (R) | DELAY_KEY_WRITE |
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DELETE (R) | DESC (R) | DESCRIBE (R) |
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DES_KEY_FILE | DETERMINISTIC (R) | DIAGNOSTICS |
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DIRECTORY | DISABLE | DISCARD |
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DISK | DISTINCT (R) | DISTINCTROW (R) |
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p (R) | DO | DOUBLE (R) |
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DROP (R) | DUAL (R) | DUMPFILE |
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DUPLICATE | DYNAMIC | EACH (R) |
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ELSE (R) | ELSEIF (R) | ENABLE |
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ENCLOSED (R) | ENCRYPTION[e] | END |
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ENDS | ENGINE | ENGINES |
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ENUM | ERROR | ERRORS |
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ESCAPE | ESCAPED (R) | EVENT |
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EVENTS | EVERY | EXCHANGE |
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EXECUTE | EXISTS (R) | EXIT (R) |
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EXPANSION | EXPIRE | EXPLAIN (R) |
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EXPORT | EXTENDED | EXTENT_SIZE |
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FALSE (R) | FAST | FAULTS |
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FETCH (R) | FIELDS | FILE |
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FILE_BLOCK_SIZE[f] | FILTER[g] | FIRST |
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FIXED | FLOAT (R) | FLOAT4 (R) |
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FLOAT8 (R) | FLUSH | FOLLOWS[h] |
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FOR (R) | FORCE (R) | FOREIGN (R) |
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FORMAT | FOUND | FROM (R) |
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FULL | FULLTEXT (R) | FUNCTION |
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GENERAL | GENERATED[i] (R) | GEOMETRY |
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GEOMETRYCOLLECTION | GET (R) | GET_FORMAT |
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GLOBAL | GRANT (R) | GRANTS |
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GROUP (R) | GROUP_REPLICATION[j] | HANDLER |
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HASH | HAVING (R) | HELP |
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HIGH_PRIORITY (R) | HOST | HOSTS |
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HOUR | HOUR_MICROSECOND (R) | HOUR_MINUTE (R) |
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HOUR_SECOND (R) | IDENTIFIED | IF (R) |
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|
IGNORE (R) | IGNORE_SERVER_IDS | IMPORT |
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IN (R) | INDEX (R) | INDEXES |
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INFILE (R) | INITIAL_SIZE | INNER (R) |
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INOUT (R) | INSENSITIVE (R) | INSERT (R) |
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INSERT_METHOD | INSTALL | INSTANCE[k] |
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INT (R) | INT1 (R) | INT2 (R) |
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INT3 (R) | INT4 (R) | INT8 (R) |
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INTEGER (R) | INTERVAL (R) | INTO (R) |
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INVOKER | IO | IO_AFTER_GTIDS (R) |
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IO_BEFORE_GTIDS (R) | IO_THREAD | IPC |
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IS (R) | ISOLATION | ISSUER |
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|
ITERATE (R) | JOIN (R) | JSON[l] |
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KEY (R) | KEYS (R) | KEY_BLOCK_SIZE |
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KILL (R) | LANGUAGE | LAST |
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LEADING (R) | LEAVE (R) | LEAVES |
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LEFT (R) | LESS | LEVEL |
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LIKE (R) | LIMIT (R) | LINEAR (R) |
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LINES (R) | LINESTRING | LIST |
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LOAD (R) | LOCAL | LOCALTIME (R) |
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LOCALTIMESTAMP (R) | LOCK (R) | LOCKS |
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LOGFILE | LOGS | LONG (R) |
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LONGBLOB (R) | LONGTEXT (R) | LOOP (R) |
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LOW_PRIORITY (R) | MASTER | MASTER_AUTO_POSITION |
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MASTER_BIND (R) | MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY | MASTER_DELAY |
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MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD | MASTER_HOST | MASTER_LOG_FILE |
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MASTER_LOG_POS | MASTER_PASSWORD | MASTER_PORT |
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MASTER_RETRY_COUNT | MASTER_SERVER_ID | MASTER_SSL |
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MASTER_SSL_CA | MASTER_SSL_CAPATH | MASTER_SSL_CERT |
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MASTER_SSL_CIPHER | MASTER_SSL_CRL | MASTER_SSL_CRLPATH |
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MASTER_SSL_KEY | MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT(R) | MASTER_TLS_VERSION[m] |
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MASTER_USER | MATCH (R) | MAXVALUE (R) |
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MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR | MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR | MAX_ROWS |
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MAX_SIZE | MAX_STATEMENT_TIME[n] | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR |
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MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS | MEDIUM | MEDIUMBLOB (R) |
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MEDIUMINT (R) | MEDIUMTEXT (R) | MEMORY |
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MERGE | MESSAGE_TEXT | MICROSECOND |
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MIDDLEINT (R) | MIGRATE | MINUTE |
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MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R) | MINUTE_SECOND (R) | MIN_ROWS |
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MOD (R) | MODE | MODIFIES (R) |
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MODIFY | MONTH | MULTILINESTRING |
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MULTIPOINT | MULTIPOLYGON | MUTEX |
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MYSQL_ERRNO | NAME | NAMES |
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NATIONAL | NATURAL (R) | NCHAR |
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NDB | NDBCLUSTER | NEVER[o] |
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NEW | NEXT | NO |
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NODEGROUP | NONBLOCKING[p] | NONE |
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NOT (R) | NO_WAIT | NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R) |
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NULL (R) | NUMBER | NUMERIC (R) |
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NVARCHAR | OFFSET | OLD_PASSWORD[q] |
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ON (R) | ONE | ONLY |
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OPEN | OPTIMIZE (R) | OPTIMIZER_COSTS[r] (R) |
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OPTION (R) | OPTIONALLY (R) | OPTIONS |
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OR (R) | ORDER (R) | OUT (R) |
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OUTER (R) | OUTFILE (R) | OWNER |
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PACK_KEYS | PAGE | PARSER |
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PARSE_GCOL_EXPR[s] | PARTIAL | PARTITION (R) |
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PARTITIONING | PARTITIONS | PASSWORD |
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PHASE | PLUGIN | PLUGINS |
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PLUGIN_DIR | POINT | POLYGON |
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PORT | PRECEDES[t] | PRECISION (R) |
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PREPARE | PRESERVE | PREV |
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PRIMARY (R) | PRIVILEGES | PROCEDURE (R) |
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PROCESSLIST | PROFILE | PROFILES |
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PROXY | PURGE (R) | QUARTER |
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QUERY | QUICK | RANGE (R) |
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READ (R) | READS (R) | READ_ONLY |
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READ_WRITE (R) | REAL (R) | REBUILD |
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RECOVER | REDOFILE | REDO_BUFFER_SIZE |
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REDUNDANT | REFERENCES (R) | REGEXP (R) |
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RELAY | RELAYLOG | RELAY_LOG_FILE |
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RELAY_LOG_POS | RELAY_THREAD | RELEASE (R) |
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RELOAD | REMOVE | RENAME (R) |
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REORGANIZE | REPAIR | REPEAT (R) |
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REPEATABLE | REPLACE (R) | REPLICATE_DO_DB[u] |
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REPLICATE_DO_TABLE[v] | REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB[w] | REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE[x] |
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REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB[y] | REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE[z] | REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE[aa] |
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REPLICATION | REQUIRE (R) | RESET |
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RESIGNAL (R) | RESTORE | RESTRICT (R) |
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RESUME | RETURN (R) | RETURNED_SQLSTATE |
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RETURNS | REVERSE | REVOKE (R) |
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RIGHT (R) | RLIKE (R) | ROLLBACK |
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ROLLUP | ROTATE[ab] | ROUTINE |
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ROW | ROWS | ROW_COUNT |
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ROW_FORMAT | RTREE | SAVEPOINT |
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SCHEDULE | SCHEMA (R) | SCHEMAS (R) |
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SCHEMA_NAME | SECOND | SECOND_MICROSECOND (R) |
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SECURITY | SELECT (R) | SENSITIVE (R) |
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SEPARATOR (R) | SERIAL | SERIALIZABLE |
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SERVER | SESSION | SET (R) |
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SHARE | SHOW (R) | SHUTDOWN |
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SIGNAL (R) | SIGNED | SIMPLE |
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SLAVE | SLOW | SMALLINT (R) |
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SNAPSHOT | SOCKET | SOME |
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SONAME | SOUNDS | SOURCE |
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SPATIAL (R) | SPECIFIC (R) | SQL (R) |
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SQLEXCEPTION (R) | SQLSTATE (R) | SQLWARNING (R) |
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SQL_AFTER_GTIDS | SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS | SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS |
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SQL_BIG_RESULT (R) | SQL_BUFFER_RESULT | SQL_CACHE |
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SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R) | SQL_NO_CACHE | SQL_SMALL_RESULT (R) |
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SQL_THREAD | SQL_TSI_DAY | SQL_TSI_HOUR |
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SQL_TSI_MINUTE | SQL_TSI_MONTH | SQL_TSI_QUARTER |
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SQL_TSI_SECOND | SQL_TSI_WEEK | SQL_TSI_YEAR |
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SSL (R) | STACKED | START |
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STARTING (R) | STARTS | STATS_AUTO_RECALC |
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STATS_PERSISTENT | STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES | STATUS |
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STOP | STORAGE | STORED[ac] (R) |
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STRAIGHT_JOIN (R) | STRING | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN |
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SUBJECT | SUBPARTITION | SUBPARTITIONS |
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SUPER | SUSPEND | SWAPS |
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SWITCHES | TABLE (R) | TABLES |
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TABLESPACE | TABLE_CHECKSUM | TABLE_NAME |
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TEMPORARY | TEMPTABLE | TERMINATED (R) |
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TEXT | THAN | THEN (R) |
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TIME | TIMESTAMP | TIMESTAMPADD |
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TIMESTAMPDIFF | TINYBLOB (R) | TINYINT (R) |
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TINYTEXT (R) | TO (R) | TRAILING (R) |
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TRANSACTION | TRIGGER (R) | TRIGGERS |
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TRUE (R) | TRUNCATE | TYPE |
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TYPES | UNCOMMITTED | UNDEFINED |
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UNDO (R) | UNDOFILE | UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE |
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UNICODE | UNINSTALL | UNION (R) |
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UNIQUE (R) | UNKNOWN | UNLOCK (R) |
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UNSIGNED (R) | UNTIL | UPDATE (R) |
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UPGRADE | USAGE (R) | USE (R) |
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USER | USER_RESOURCES | USE_FRM |
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USING (R) | UTC_DATE (R) | UTC_TIME (R) |
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UTC_TIMESTAMP (R) | VALIDATION[ad] | VALUE |
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VALUES (R) | VARBINARY (R) | VARCHAR (R) |
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VARCHARACTER (R) | VARIABLES | VARYING (R) |
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VIEW | VIRTUAL[ae] (R) | WAIT |
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WARNINGS | WEEK | WEIGHT_STRING |
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WHEN (R) | WHERE (R) | WHILE (R) |
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WITH (R) | WITHOUT[af] | WORK |
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WRAPPER | WRITE (R) | X509 |
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XA | XID[ag] | XML |
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XOR (R) | YEAR | YEAR_MONTH (R) |
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ZEROFILL (R) | | |
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[a] ACCOUNT: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved) [b] ALWAYS: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved) [c] CHANNEL: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved) [d] COMPRESSION: added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved) [e] ENCRYPTION: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved) [f] FILE_BLOCK_SIZE: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved) [g] FILTER: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) [h] FOLLOWS: added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved) [i] GENERATED: added in 5.7.6 (reserved) [j] GROUP_REPLICATION: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved) [k] INSTANCE: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved) [l] JSON: added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved) [m] MASTER_TLS_VERSION: added in 5.7.10 (nonreserved) [n] MAX_STATEMENT_TIME: added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved); removed in 5.7.8 [o] NEVER: added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved) [p] NONBLOCKING: removed in 5.7.6 [q] OLD_PASSWORD: removed in 5.7.5 [r] OPTIMIZER_COSTS: added in 5.7.5 (reserved) [s] PARSE_GCOL_EXPR: added in 5.7.6 (reserved); became nonreserved in 5.7.8 [t] PRECEDES: added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved) [u] REPLICATE_DO_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) [v] REPLICATE_DO_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) [w] REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) [x] REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) [y] REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) [z] REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) [aa] REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) [ab] ROTATE: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved) [ac] STORED: added in 5.7.6 (reserved) [ad] VALIDATION: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved) [ae] VIRTUAL: added in 5.7.6 (reserved) [af] WITHOUT: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved) [ag] XID: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved) |
Table 10.3 Keywords and Reserved Words Added in MySQL 5.7 Compared to MySQL 5.6
ACCOUNT | ALWAYS | CHANNEL |
COMPRESSION | ENCRYPTION | FILE_BLOCK_SIZE |
FILTER | FOLLOWS | GENERATED (R) |
GROUP_REPLICATION | INSTANCE | JSON |
MASTER_TLS_VERSION | NEVER | OPTIMIZER_COSTS (R) |
PARSE_GCOL_EXPR | PRECEDES | REPLICATE_DO_DB |
REPLICATE_DO_TABLE | REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB | REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE |
REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB | REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE | REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE |
ROTATE | STACKED | STORED (R) |
VALIDATION | VIRTUAL (R) | WITHOUT |
XID | | |
Table 10.4 Keywords and Reserved Words Removed in MySQL 5.7 Compared to MySQL 5.6
總結(jié)
以上就是詳解MySQL5.7中的關(guān)鍵字與保留字的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,更多請(qǐng)關(guān)注php中文網(wǎng)其它相關(guān)文章!
學(xué)習(xí)教程快速掌握從入門到精通的SQL知識(shí)。