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MySQL幾點(diǎn)重要的性能指標(biāo)計(jì)算與優(yōu)化的方法代碼總結(jié)

[摘要]下面小編就為大家?guī)?lái)一篇MySQL幾點(diǎn)重要的性能指標(biāo)計(jì)算和優(yōu)化方法總結(jié)。小編覺(jué)得挺不錯(cuò)的,現(xiàn)在就分享給大家,也給大家做個(gè)參考。一起跟隨小編過(guò)來(lái)看看吧1 QPS計(jì)算(每秒查詢數(shù))針對(duì)MyISAM引擎為主的DBMySQL> show GLOBAL status like questions;+-...
下面小編就為大家?guī)?lái)一篇MySQL幾點(diǎn)重要的性能指標(biāo)計(jì)算和優(yōu)化方法總結(jié)。小編覺(jué)得挺不錯(cuò)的,現(xiàn)在就分享給大家,也給大家做個(gè)參考。一起跟隨小編過(guò)來(lái)看看吧

1 QPS計(jì)算(每秒查詢數(shù))

針對(duì)MyISAM引擎為主的DB

MySQL> show GLOBAL status like 'questions';
+---------------+------------+
  Variable_name   Value    
+---------------+------------+
  Questions     2009191409  
+---------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show global status like 'uptime';
+---------------+--------+
  Variable_name   Value  
+---------------+--------+
  Uptime      388402  
+---------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

QPS=questions/uptime=5172,mysql自啟動(dòng)以來(lái)的平均QPS,如果要計(jì)算某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)的QPS,可在高峰期間獲取間隔時(shí)間t2-t1,然后分別計(jì)算出t2和t1時(shí)刻的q值,QPS=(q2-q1)/(t2-t1)

針對(duì)InnnoDB引擎為主的DB

mysql> show global status like 'com_update';
+---------------+----------+
  Variable_name   Value   
+---------------+----------+
  Com_update    87094306  
+---------------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show global status like 'com_select';
+---------------+------------+
  Variable_name   Value    
+---------------+------------+
  Com_select    1108143397  
+---------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show global status like 'com_delete';
+---------------+--------+
  Variable_name   Value  
+---------------+--------+
  Com_delete    379058  
+---------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show global status like 'uptime';

+---------------+--------+
  Variable_name   Value  
+---------------+--------+
  Uptime      388816  
+---------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

QPS=(com_update+com_insert+com_delete+com_select)/uptime=3076,某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)的QPS查詢方法同上。

2 TPS計(jì)算(每秒事務(wù)數(shù))

mysql> show global status like 'com_commit';

+---------------+---------+
  Variable_name   Value   
+---------------+---------+
  Com_commit    7424815  
+---------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show global status like 'com_rollback';
+---------------+---------+
  Variable_name   Value   
+---------------+---------+
  Com_rollback   1073179  
+---------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show global status like 'uptime';
+---------------+--------+
  Variable_name   Value  
+---------------+--------+
  Uptime      389467  
+---------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

TPS=(com_commit+com_rollback)/uptime=22

3 線程連接數(shù)和命中率

mysql> show global status like 'threads_%';
+-------------------+-------+
  Variable_name     Value  
+-------------------+-------+
  Threads_cached    480      //代表當(dāng)前此時(shí)此刻線程緩存中有多少空閑線程
  Threads_connected   153     //代表當(dāng)前已建立連接的數(shù)量,因?yàn)橐粋(gè)連接就需要一個(gè)線程,所以也可以看成當(dāng)前被使用的線程數(shù)
  Threads_created    20344    //代表從最近一次服務(wù)啟動(dòng),已創(chuàng)建線程的數(shù)量
  Threads_running    2       //代表當(dāng)前激活的(非睡眠狀態(tài))線程數(shù)
+-------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show global status like 'Connections';
+---------------+-----------+
  Variable_name   Value    
+---------------+-----------+
  Connections    381487397  
+---------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

線程緩存命中率=1-Threads_created/Connections  = 99.994%

我們?cè)O(shè)置的線程緩存?zhèn)數(shù)

mysql> show variables like '%thread_cache_size%';
+-------------------+-------+
  Variable_name     Value  
+-------------------+-------+
  thread_cache_size   500   
+-------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

根據(jù)Threads_connected可預(yù)估thread_cache_size值應(yīng)該設(shè)置多大,一般來(lái)說(shuō)250是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的上限值,如果內(nèi)存足夠大,也可以設(shè)置成thread_cache_size值和threaads_connected值相同;

或者通過(guò)觀察threads_created值,如果該值很大或一直在增長(zhǎng),可以適當(dāng)增加thread_cache_size的值;在休眠狀態(tài)下每個(gè)線程大概占用256KB左右的內(nèi)存,所以當(dāng)內(nèi)存足夠時(shí),設(shè)置太小也不會(huì)節(jié)約太多內(nèi)存,除非該值已經(jīng)超過(guò)幾千。

4 表緩存

mysql> show global status like 'open_tables%';
+---------------+-------+
  Variable_name   Value  
+---------------+-------+
  Open_tables    2228  
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

我們?cè)O(shè)置的打開(kāi)表的緩存和表定義緩存

mysql> show variables like 'table_open_cache';
+------------------+-------+
  Variable_name    Value  
+------------------+-------+
  table_open_cache   16384  
+------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'table_defi%';
+------------------------+-------+
  Variable_name       Value  
+------------------------+-------+
  table_definition_cache   2000  
+------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

針對(duì)MyISAM:

mysql每打開(kāi)一個(gè)表,都會(huì)讀入一些數(shù)據(jù)到table_open_cache 緩存 中,當(dāng)mysql在這個(gè)緩存中找不到相應(yīng)的信息時(shí),才會(huì)去磁盤上直接讀取,所以該值要設(shè)置得足夠大以避免需要重新打開(kāi)和重新解析表的定義,一般設(shè)置為max_connections的10倍,但最好保持在10000以內(nèi)。

還有種依據(jù)就是根據(jù)狀態(tài)open_tables的值進(jìn)行設(shè)置,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)open_tables的值每秒變化很大,那么可能需要增大table_open_cache的值。

table_definition_cache 通常簡(jiǎn)單設(shè)置為服務(wù)器中存在的表的數(shù)量,除非有上萬(wàn)張表。

針對(duì)InnoDB:

與MyISAM不同,InnoDB的open table和open file并無(wú)直接聯(lián)系,即打開(kāi)frm表時(shí)其相應(yīng)的ibd文件可能處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài);

故InnoDB只會(huì)用到table_definiton_cache,不會(huì)使用table_open_cache;

其frm文件保存于table_definition_cache中,而idb則由innodb_open_files決定(前提是開(kāi)啟了innodb_file_per_table),最好將innodb_open_files設(shè)置得足夠大,使得服務(wù)器可以保持所有的.ibd文件同時(shí)打開(kāi)。

5 最大連接數(shù)

mysql> show global status like 'Max_used_connections';
+----------------------+-------+
  Variable_name      Value  
+----------------------+-------+
  Max_used_connections   1785  
+----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

我們?cè)O(shè)置的max_connections大小

mysql> show variables like 'max_connections%';
+-----------------+-------+
  Variable_name    Value  
+-----------------+-------+
  max_connections   4000  
+-----------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

通常max_connections的大小應(yīng)該設(shè)置為比Max_used_connections狀態(tài)值大,Max_used_connections狀態(tài)值反映服務(wù)器連接在某個(gè)時(shí)間段是否有尖峰,如果該值大于max_connections值,代表客戶端至少被拒絕了一次,可以簡(jiǎn)單地設(shè)置為符合以下條件:Max_used_connections/max_connections=0.8

6 Innodb 緩存命中率

mysql> show global status like 'innodb_buffer_pool_read%';
+---------------------------------------+--------------+
  Variable_name               Value     
+---------------------------------------+--------------+
  Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_rnd     0       
  Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead       268720        //預(yù)讀的頁(yè)數(shù)
  Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_evicted   0          
  Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests     480291074970   //從緩沖池中讀取的次數(shù)
  Innodb_buffer_pool_reads         29912739         //表示從物理磁盤讀取的頁(yè)數(shù)
+---------------------------------------+--------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

緩沖池命中率 = (Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests)/(Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests + Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead + Innodb_buffer_pool_reads)=99.994%

如果該值小于99.9%,建議就應(yīng)該增大innodb_buffer_pool_size的值了,該值一般設(shè)置為內(nèi)存總大小的75%-85%,或者計(jì)算出操作系統(tǒng)所需緩存+mysql每個(gè)連接所需的內(nèi)存(例如排序緩沖和臨時(shí)表)+MyISAM鍵緩存,剩下的內(nèi)存都給innodb_buffer_pool_size,不過(guò)也不宜設(shè)置太大,會(huì)造成內(nèi)存的頻繁交換,預(yù)熱和關(guān)閉時(shí)間長(zhǎng)等問(wèn)題。

7 MyISAM Key Buffer命中率和緩沖區(qū)使用率

mysql> show global status like 'key_%';
+------------------------+-----------+
  Variable_name       Value    
+------------------------+-----------+
  Key_blocks_not_flushed   0      
  Key_blocks_unused     106662   
  Key_blocks_used      107171   
  Key_read_requests     883825678  
  Key_reads         133294   
  Key_write_requests     217310758  
  Key_writes         2061054   
+------------------------+-----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like '%key_cache_block_size%';
+----------------------+-------+
  Variable_name      Value  
+----------------------+-------+
  key_cache_block_size   1024  
+----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show variables like '%key_buffer_size%';
+-----------------+-----------+
  Variable_name    Value    
+-----------------+-----------+
  key_buffer_size   134217728  
+-----------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

緩沖區(qū)的使用率=1-(Key_blocks_unused*key_cache_block_size/ key_buffer_size)=18.6%

讀命中率=1-Key_reads /Key_read_requests=99.98%

寫命中率=1-Key_writes / Key_write_requests =99.05%

可看到緩沖區(qū)的使用率并不高,如果很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間后還沒(méi)有使用完所有的鍵緩沖,可以考慮把緩沖區(qū)調(diào)小一點(diǎn)。

鍵緩存命中率可能意義不大,因?yàn)樗蛻?yīng)用相關(guān),有些應(yīng)用在95%的命中率下就工作良好,有些則需要99.99%,所以從經(jīng)驗(yàn)上看,每秒的緩存未命中次數(shù)更重要,假設(shè)一個(gè)獨(dú)立磁盤每秒能做100個(gè)隨機(jī)讀,那么每秒有5個(gè)緩沖未命中可能不會(huì)導(dǎo)致I/O繁忙,但每秒80個(gè)就可能出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。

每秒緩存未命中=Key_reads/uptime=0.33

8 臨時(shí)表使用情況

mysql> show global status like 'Created_tmp%';
+-------------------------+----------+
  Variable_name        Value   
+-------------------------+----------+
  Created_tmp_disk_tables   19226325  
  Created_tmp_files      117    
  Created_tmp_tables     56265812  
+-------------------------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like '%tmp_table_size%';
+----------------+----------+
  Variable_name   Value   
+----------------+----------+
  tmp_table_size   67108864  
+----------------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

可看到總共創(chuàng)建了56265812 張臨時(shí)表,其中有19226325 張涉及到了磁盤IO,大概比例占到了0.34,證明數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用中排序,join語(yǔ)句涉及的數(shù)據(jù)量太大,需要優(yōu)化SQL或者增大tmp_table_size的值,我設(shè)的是64M。該比值應(yīng)該控制在0.2以內(nèi)。

9 binlog cache使用情況

mysql> show status like 'Binlog_cache%'; 
+-----------------------+----------+
  Variable_name       Value   
+-----------------------+----------+
  Binlog_cache_disk_use   15     
  Binlog_cache_use     95978256  
+-----------------------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'binlog_cache_size';
+-------------------+---------+
  Variable_name     Value   
+-------------------+---------+
  binlog_cache_size   1048576  
+-------------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Binlog_cache_disk_use表示因?yàn)槲覀僢inlog_cache_size設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)存不足導(dǎo)致緩存二進(jìn)制日志用到了臨時(shí)文件的次數(shù)

Binlog_cache_use 表示 用binlog_cache_size緩存的次數(shù)

當(dāng)對(duì)應(yīng)的Binlog_cache_disk_use 值比較大的時(shí)候 我們可以考慮適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)高 binlog_cache_size 對(duì)應(yīng)的值

10 Innodb log buffer size的大小設(shè)置

mysql> show variables like '%innodb_log_buffer_size%';
+------------------------+---------+
  Variable_name       Value   
+------------------------+---------+
  innodb_log_buffer_size   8388608  
+------------------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show status like 'innodb_log_waits';
+------------------+-------+
  Variable_name    Value  
+------------------+-------+
  Innodb_log_waits   0    
+------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

innodb_log_buffer_size我設(shè)置了8M,應(yīng)該足夠大了;Innodb_log_waits表示因log buffer不足導(dǎo)致等待的次數(shù),如果該值不為0,可以適當(dāng)增大innodb_log_buffer_size的值。

11 表掃描情況判斷

mysql> show global status like 'Handler_read%';
+-----------------------+--------------+
  Variable_name       Value     
+-----------------------+--------------+
  Handler_read_first    19180695    
  Handler_read_key     30303690598  
  Handler_read_last     290721     
  Handler_read_next     51169834260  
  Handler_read_prev     1267528402   
  Handler_read_rnd     219230406   
  Handler_read_rnd_next   344713226172  
+-----------------------+--------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Handler_read_first:使用索引掃描的次數(shù),該值大小說(shuō)不清系統(tǒng)性能是好是壞

Handler_read_key:通過(guò)key進(jìn)行查詢的次數(shù),該值越大證明系統(tǒng)性能越好

Handler_read_next:使用索引進(jìn)行排序的次數(shù)
Handler_read_prev:此選項(xiàng)表明在進(jìn)行索引掃描時(shí),按照索引倒序從數(shù)據(jù)文件里取數(shù)據(jù)的次數(shù),一般就是ORDER BY ... DESC

Handler_read_rnd:該值越大證明系統(tǒng)中有大量的沒(méi)有使用索引進(jìn)行排序的操作,或者join時(shí)沒(méi)有使用到index

Handler_read_rnd_next:使用數(shù)據(jù)文件進(jìn)行掃描的次數(shù),該值越大證明有大量的全表掃描,或者合理地創(chuàng)建索引,沒(méi)有很好地利用已經(jīng)建立好的索引

12 Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free

mysql> show global status like 'Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free';
+------------------------------+-------+
  Variable_name          Value  
+------------------------------+-------+
  Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free   0    
+------------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

該值不為0表示buffer pool沒(méi)有空閑的空間了,可能原因是innodb_buffer_pool_size設(shè)置太大,可以適當(dāng)減少該值。

13 join操作信息

mysql> show global status like 'select_full_join';
+------------------+-------+
  Variable_name    Value  
+------------------+-------+
  Select_full_join   10403  
+------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

該值表示在join操作中沒(méi)有使用到索引的次數(shù),值很大說(shuō)明join語(yǔ)句寫得很有問(wèn)題

mysql> show global status like 'select_range';
+---------------+----------+
  Variable_name   Value   
+---------------+----------+
  Select_range   22450380  
+---------------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

該值表示第一個(gè)表使用ranges的join數(shù)量,該值很大說(shuō)明join寫得沒(méi)有問(wèn)題,通常可查看select_full_join和select_range的比值來(lái)判斷系統(tǒng)中join語(yǔ)句的性能情況

mysql> show global status like 'Select_range_check';
+--------------------+-------+
  Variable_name     Value  
+--------------------+-------+
  Select_range_check   0    
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

如果該值不為0需要檢查表的索引是否合理,表示在表n+1中重新評(píng)估表n中的每一行的索引是否開(kāi)銷最小所做的聯(lián)接數(shù),意味著表n+1對(duì)該聯(lián)接而言并沒(méi)有有用的索引。

mysql> show GLOBAL status like 'select_scan';
+---------------+-----------+
  Variable_name   Value    
+---------------+-----------+
  Select_scan    116037811  
+---------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

select_scan表示掃描第一張表的連接數(shù)目,如果第一張表中每行都參與聯(lián)接,這樣的結(jié)果并沒(méi)有問(wèn)題;如果你并不想要返回所有行但又沒(méi)有使用到索引來(lái)查找到所需要的行,那么計(jì)數(shù)很大就很糟糕了。

14 慢查詢

mysql> show global status like 'Slow_queries';
+---------------+--------+
  Variable_name   Value  
+---------------+--------+
  Slow_queries   114111  
+---------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

該值表示mysql啟動(dòng)以來(lái)的慢查詢個(gè)數(shù),即執(zhí)行時(shí)間超過(guò)long_query_time的次數(shù),可根據(jù)Slow_queries/uptime的比值判斷單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的慢查詢個(gè)數(shù),進(jìn)而判斷系統(tǒng)的性能。

15表鎖信息

mysql> show global status like 'table_lock%';
+-----------------------+------------+
  Variable_name       Value    
+-----------------------+------------+
  Table_locks_immediate   1644917567  
  Table_locks_waited    53      
+-----------------------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

這兩個(gè)值的比值:Table_locks_waited /Table_locks_immediate 趨向于0,如果值比較大則表示系統(tǒng)的鎖阻塞情況比較嚴(yán)重

以上就是MySQL幾點(diǎn)重要的性能指標(biāo)計(jì)算和優(yōu)化的方法代碼總結(jié)的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,更多請(qǐng)關(guān)注php中文網(wǎng)其它相關(guān)文章!


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