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Mac上完成終端管理MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫

[摘要]打開終端輸入如下命令:/usr/local/MySQL/bin/mysql -u root -p其中root為用戶名。這時會出現(xiàn)如下命令:Enter password:此時如果你沒有改密碼,直接敲回...

打開終端輸入如下命令:

/usr/local/MySQL/bin/mysql -u root -p

其中root為用戶名。

這時會出現(xiàn)如下命令:

Enter password:

此時如果你沒有改密碼,直接敲回車。否則,輸入你的密碼。
這樣就可以訪問你的數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器了。


1、的操作及管理

數(shù)據(jù)表的基

數(shù)據(jù)庫(database)管理

1.1 create 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫

create database firstDB;

1.2 show 查看所有數(shù)據(jù)庫

mysql> show databases;+--------------------+  Database            
+--------------------+  information_schema  
  firstDB             
  mysql               
  performance_schema  +--------------------+rows in set (0.00 sec)

1.3 alter 修改數(shù)據(jù)庫

alter 命令修改數(shù)據(jù)庫編碼:

默認(rèn)創(chuàng)建的數(shù)據(jù)庫默認(rèn)不支持中文字符,如果我們需要它支持中文字符,則將它的編碼設(shè)置為utf8格式:

mysql> ALTER DATABASE testDB CHARACTER SET UTF8;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

1.4 use 使用數(shù)據(jù)庫

mysql> use firstDB;
Database changed

1.5 查看當(dāng)前使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫

mysql> select database();
+------------+  database()  
+------------+  firstdb     
+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

1.6 drop 刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫

mysql> drop database firstDB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

2、數(shù)據(jù)表(table)管理

我們首先創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)據(jù)庫,提供我們往后的使用:

mysql> create database testDB;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

創(chuàng)建后記得用use命令進(jìn)入(使用)數(shù)據(jù)庫,不然后面的操作都會不成功的。

2.1 create 創(chuàng)建表

mysql> create table PEOPLE (
    -> ID int AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,    -> NAME varchar(20) not null,    -> AGE int not null,    -> BIRTHDAY datetime);                                                     
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

2.2 show 顯示表

顯示當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫所有的數(shù)據(jù)表

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+  Tables_in_testdb  
+------------------+  PEOPLE            
+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2.3 desc 查看表結(jié)構(gòu)

mysql> desc PEOPLE    -> ;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+  Field      Type          Null   Key   Default   Extra           
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+  ID         int(11)       NO     PRI   NULL      auto_increment  
  NAME       varchar(20)   NO           NULL                      
  AGE        int(11)       NO           NULL                      
  BIRTHDAY   datetime      YES          NULL                      
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

2.4 alter 修改表結(jié)構(gòu)(增、刪、改)
默認(rèn)創(chuàng)建的表不支持中文字符,所以需將表編碼設(shè)置為utf8:

mysql> ALTER TABLE KEYCHAIN CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET UTF8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

2.4.1 insert 在表中添加列(字段)

mysql> alter table PEOPLE add star BOOL;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

提示:在MySQL里,布爾類型會自動轉(zhuǎn)換為tinyint(1)類型。

我們不妨使用desc去查看一下PEOPLE表結(jié)構(gòu):

mysql> desc PEOPLE;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+  Field      Type          Null   Key   Default   Extra           
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+  ID         int(11)       NO     PRI   NULL      auto_increment  
  NAME       varchar(20)   NO           NULL                      
  AGE        int(11)       NO           NULL                      
  BIRTHDAY   datetime      YES          NULL                      
  star       tinyint(1)    YES          NULL                      
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

現(xiàn)在,你該相信我了吧?

2.4.2 alter 修改表(列)字段

mysql> alter table PEOPLE MODIFY star int;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

也可以指定 int(n) 的長度,比如 int(2)。

我們再次使用desc查看PEOPLE表結(jié)構(gòu):

mysql> desc PEOPLE;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+  Field      Type          Null   Key   Default   Extra           
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+  ID         int(11)       NO     PRI   NULL      auto_increment  
  NAME       varchar(20)   NO           NULL                      
  AGE        int(11)       NO           NULL                      
  BIRTHDAY   datetime      YES          NULL                      
  star       int(11)       YES          NULL                      
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.4.3 delete 刪除表(列)字段

mysql> alter table PEOPLE DROP column star;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

刪除后,再次查看PEOPLE表結(jié)構(gòu):

mysql> desc PEOPLE;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+  Field      Type          Null   Key   Default   Extra           
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+  ID         int(11)       NO     PRI   NULL      auto_increment  
  NAME       varchar(20)   NO           NULL                      
  AGE        int(11)       NO           NULL                      
  BIRTHDAY   datetime      YES          NULL                      
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

刪除字段成功,現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)不能看到star的字段了。

2.4.4 rename 重命名表名

mysql> RENAME TABLE PEOPLE TO NEW_PEOPLE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

2.4.5 null or not null
修改表字段允許為空或不允許為空:

mysql> ALTER TABLE PEOPLE MODIFY AGE INT(3) NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

把 PEOPLE 表的 AGE 字段設(shè)置成“允許為空”,即插入記錄時這個字段可以不錄入。否則相反。
它的格式為:ALTER TABLE MODIFY

mysql> create table newTable select * from PEOPLE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

我們查看一下目前數(shù)據(jù)庫存在的表:

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+  Tables_in_testdb  
+------------------+  PEOPLE              newTable          
+------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3、數(shù)據(jù)的操作及管理

本操作,包含增、刪、改、查數(shù)據(jù)。
以下命令均在PEOPLE表上操作。

3.1 增加數(shù)據(jù)(增)
PEOPLE表目前是沒有數(shù)據(jù)的,它是空的數(shù)據(jù)表,我們現(xiàn)在先添加一些數(shù)據(jù)。
insert into 命令添加數(shù)據(jù):

mysql> insert into PEOPLE VALUES (null, 'Anny', 22, '1992-05-22');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

使用select命令查看表(會在后面介紹),現(xiàn)在我們查看PEOPLE數(shù)據(jù)表的數(shù)據(jù):

mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
+----+------+-----+---------------------+  ID   NAME   AGE   BIRTHDAY             
+----+------+-----+---------------------+   1   Anny    22   1992-05-22 00:00:00  
+----+------+-----+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

數(shù)據(jù)表現(xiàn)在有一條數(shù)據(jù)。

我們多添加幾條數(shù)據(jù),如:

mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+  ID   NAME     AGE   BIRTHDAY             
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+   1   Anny      22   1992-05-22 00:00:00  
   2   Garvey    23   1991-05-22 00:00:00  
   3   Lisa      25   1989-05-22 00:00:00  
   4   Nick      24   1990-05-22 00:00:00     5   Rick      24   1991-05-22 00:00:00  
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.2 刪除數(shù)據(jù)(刪)

delete 命令刪除數(shù)據(jù):

mysql> delete from PEOPLE where name = 'Lisa';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

再次查詢PEOPLE表:

mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+  ID   NAME     AGE   BIRTHDAY             
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+   1   Anny      22   1992-05-22 00:00:00  
   2   Garvey    23   1991-05-22 00:00:00  
   4   Nick      24   1990-05-22 00:00:00     5   Rick      24   1991-05-22 00:00:00  
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

已經(jīng)看不到名為“Lisa”的數(shù)據(jù)了。

3.3 修改數(shù)據(jù)(改)

update 命令修改數(shù)據(jù):

mysql> update PEOPLE set name='Calvin' where name = 'Garvey';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

查詢PEOPLE表內(nèi)容:

mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+  ID   NAME     AGE   BIRTHDAY             
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+   1   Anny      22   1992-05-22 00:00:00  
   2   Calvin    23   1991-05-22 00:00:00  
   4   Nick      24   1990-05-22 00:00:00     5   Rick      24   1991-05-22 00:00:00  
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

名為“Garvey”的記錄已經(jīng)修改為“Calvin”。

3.4 查詢數(shù)據(jù)(查)

select 命令查詢數(shù)據(jù),最簡單的就是查詢表的所有數(shù)據(jù),也就是我們最初使用到的那條命令:

mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+  ID   NAME     AGE   BIRTHDAY             
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+   1   Anny      22   1992-05-22 00:00:00  
   2   Calvin    23   1991-05-22 00:00:00  
   4   Nick      24   1990-05-22 00:00:00     5   Rick      24   1991-05-22 00:00:00  
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

格式:select * from <表名>,*代表所有字段。

查詢數(shù)據(jù)時也可指定顯示的(列)字段:

mysql> select NAME, AGE, BIRTHDAY from PEOPLE;
+--------+-----+---------------------+  NAME     AGE   BIRTHDAY             
+--------+-----+---------------------+  Anny      22   1992-05-22 00:00:00  
  Calvin    23   1991-05-22 00:00:00  
  Nick      24   1990-05-22 00:00:00    Rick      24   1991-05-22 00:00:00  
+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

格式:select <字段名,字段名,…> from <表名>。

select查詢命令還有很多的高級用法,比如用來查找不重復(fù)(distinct)的數(shù)據(jù),使數(shù)據(jù)按條件排序(order by),按查詢條件顯示數(shù)據(jù)(where)等等。這些都會在下一篇文章作重點(diǎn)介紹,請大家繼續(xù)留意我的博客,謝謝。

4、管理視圖

4.1 創(chuàng)建視圖

視圖是從數(shù)據(jù)庫里導(dǎo)出一個或多個表的虛擬表,是用來方便用戶對數(shù)據(jù)的操作。

mysql> CREATE VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW (
    -> NAME, AGE)
    -> AS SELECT NAME, AGE FROM PEOPLE;

創(chuàng)建成功后查看視圖。

PEOPLE          PEOPLE.AGE      PEOPLE.BIRTHDAY PEOPLE.ID       PEOPLE.NAME    mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW
    -> ;+--------+-----+
  NAME     AGE  
+--------+-----+
  Anny      22  
  Calvin    23  
  Nick      24  
  Rick      24  
+--------+-----+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

我們也可以使用 DESC 命令查看視圖的結(jié)構(gòu)。

mysql> DESC PEOPLE_VIEW;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+  Field   Type      Null   Key   Default   Extra  
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+  ID      int(11)   NO           0                
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)

4.2 替換視圖

創(chuàng)建或替換原有視圖。

mysql> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW(PEOPLE_ID,PEOPLE_NAME,PEOPLE_AGE) AS SELECT ID,NAME,AGE FROM PEOPLE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

創(chuàng)建或替換后查看視圖。

mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW;
+-----------+-------------+------------+  PEOPLE_ID   PEOPLE_NAME   PEOPLE_AGE  
+-----------+-------------+------------+          1   Anny                  22  
          2   Calvin                23  
          4   Nick                  24            5   Rick                  24  
+-----------+-------------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.3 操作視圖

當(dāng)視圖數(shù)據(jù)有變化時(增、刪、改),真實的表數(shù)據(jù)也會隨著改變。也就是說,對視圖的操作就是對表的數(shù)據(jù),所以我們可以把視圖當(dāng)作表。

例:往視圖插入一條數(shù)據(jù)。

mysql> INSERT INTO PEOPLE_VIEW VALUES(NULL, 'Kerry', '33');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

插入數(shù)據(jù)成功后查看視圖。

mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW ;
+-----------+-------------+------------+  PEOPLE_ID   PEOPLE_NAME   PEOPLE_AGE  
+-----------+-------------+------------+          1   Anny                  22  
          2   Calvin                23  
          4   Nick                  24  
          5   Rick                  24            6   Kerry                 33  
+-----------+-------------+------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以在視圖上看到我們剛剛插入的數(shù)據(jù),現(xiàn)在我們就來驗證一下真實的表是否也會作出變化。

mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+  ID   NAME     AGE   BIRTHDAY             
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+   1   Anny      22   1992-05-22 00:00:00  
   2   Calvin    23   1991-05-22 00:00:00  
   4   Nick      24   1990-05-22 00:00:00  
   5   Rick      24   1991-05-22 00:00:00     6   Kerry     33   NULL                 
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可見,真實的表數(shù)據(jù)也已經(jīng)有所改變,剛剛往視圖里插入的那一條數(shù)據(jù)存在于真實表中,真理便是:對視圖的操作就是對表的數(shù)據(jù)。

4.4 刪除視圖

mysql> DROP VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

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學(xué)習(xí)教程快速掌握從入門到精通的SQL知識。