Mac上完成終端管理MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫
發(fā)表時間:2023-07-16 來源:明輝站整理相關(guān)軟件相關(guān)文章人氣:
[摘要]打開終端輸入如下命令:/usr/local/MySQL/bin/mysql -u root -p其中root為用戶名。這時會出現(xiàn)如下命令:Enter password:此時如果你沒有改密碼,直接敲回...
打開終端輸入如下命令:
/usr/local/MySQL/bin/mysql -u root -p
其中root為用戶名。
這時會出現(xiàn)如下命令:
Enter password:
此時如果你沒有改密碼,直接敲回車。否則,輸入你的密碼。
這樣就可以訪問你的數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器了。
1、的操作及管理
數(shù)據(jù)表的基
數(shù)據(jù)庫(database)管理
1.1 create 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫
create database firstDB;
1.2 show 查看所有數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql> show databases;+--------------------+ Database
+--------------------+ information_schema
firstDB
mysql
performance_schema +--------------------+rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3 alter 修改數(shù)據(jù)庫
alter 命令修改數(shù)據(jù)庫編碼:
默認(rèn)創(chuàng)建的數(shù)據(jù)庫默認(rèn)不支持中文字符,如果我們需要它支持中文字符,則將它的編碼設(shè)置為utf8格式:
mysql> ALTER DATABASE testDB CHARACTER SET UTF8;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
1.4 use 使用數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql> use firstDB;
Database changed
1.5 查看當(dāng)前使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql> select database();
+------------+ database()
+------------+ firstdb
+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.6 drop 刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql> drop database firstDB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2、數(shù)據(jù)表(table)管理
我們首先創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)據(jù)庫,提供我們往后的使用:
mysql> create database testDB;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
創(chuàng)建后記得用use命令進(jìn)入(使用)數(shù)據(jù)庫,不然后面的操作都會不成功的。
2.1 create 創(chuàng)建表
mysql> create table PEOPLE (
-> ID int AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, -> NAME varchar(20) not null, -> AGE int not null, -> BIRTHDAY datetime);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2.2 show 顯示表
顯示當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫所有的數(shù)據(jù)表
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+ Tables_in_testdb
+------------------+ PEOPLE
+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.3 desc 查看表結(jié)構(gòu)
mysql> desc PEOPLE -> ;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ Field Type Null Key Default Extra
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ ID int(11) NO PRI NULL auto_increment
NAME varchar(20) NO NULL
AGE int(11) NO NULL
BIRTHDAY datetime YES NULL
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
2.4 alter 修改表結(jié)構(gòu)(增、刪、改)
默認(rèn)創(chuàng)建的表不支持中文字符,所以需將表編碼設(shè)置為utf8:
mysql> ALTER TABLE KEYCHAIN CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET UTF8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
2.4.1 insert 在表中添加列(字段)
mysql> alter table PEOPLE add star BOOL;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
提示:在MySQL里,布爾類型會自動轉(zhuǎn)換為tinyint(1)類型。
我們不妨使用desc去查看一下PEOPLE表結(jié)構(gòu):
mysql> desc PEOPLE;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ Field Type Null Key Default Extra
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ ID int(11) NO PRI NULL auto_increment
NAME varchar(20) NO NULL
AGE int(11) NO NULL
BIRTHDAY datetime YES NULL
star tinyint(1) YES NULL
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
現(xiàn)在,你該相信我了吧?
2.4.2 alter 修改表(列)字段
mysql> alter table PEOPLE MODIFY star int;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
也可以指定 int(n) 的長度,比如 int(2)。
我們再次使用desc查看PEOPLE表結(jié)構(gòu):
mysql> desc PEOPLE;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ Field Type Null Key Default Extra
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ ID int(11) NO PRI NULL auto_increment
NAME varchar(20) NO NULL
AGE int(11) NO NULL
BIRTHDAY datetime YES NULL
star int(11) YES NULL
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.4.3 delete 刪除表(列)字段
mysql> alter table PEOPLE DROP column star;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
刪除后,再次查看PEOPLE表結(jié)構(gòu):
mysql> desc PEOPLE;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ Field Type Null Key Default Extra
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ ID int(11) NO PRI NULL auto_increment
NAME varchar(20) NO NULL
AGE int(11) NO NULL
BIRTHDAY datetime YES NULL
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
刪除字段成功,現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)不能看到star的字段了。
2.4.4 rename 重命名表名
mysql> RENAME TABLE PEOPLE TO NEW_PEOPLE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2.4.5 null or not null
修改表字段允許為空或不允許為空:
mysql> ALTER TABLE PEOPLE MODIFY AGE INT(3) NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
把 PEOPLE 表的 AGE 字段設(shè)置成“允許為空”,即插入記錄時這個字段可以不錄入。否則相反。
它的格式為:ALTER TABLE MODIFY
mysql> create table newTable select * from PEOPLE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
我們查看一下目前數(shù)據(jù)庫存在的表:
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+ Tables_in_testdb
+------------------+ PEOPLE newTable
+------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、數(shù)據(jù)的操作及管理
本操作,包含增、刪、改、查數(shù)據(jù)。
以下命令均在PEOPLE表上操作。
3.1 增加數(shù)據(jù)(增)
PEOPLE表目前是沒有數(shù)據(jù)的,它是空的數(shù)據(jù)表,我們現(xiàn)在先添加一些數(shù)據(jù)。
insert into 命令添加數(shù)據(jù):
mysql> insert into PEOPLE VALUES (null, 'Anny', 22, '1992-05-22');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
使用select命令查看表(會在后面介紹),現(xiàn)在我們查看PEOPLE數(shù)據(jù)表的數(shù)據(jù):
mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
+----+------+-----+---------------------+ ID NAME AGE BIRTHDAY
+----+------+-----+---------------------+ 1 Anny 22 1992-05-22 00:00:00
+----+------+-----+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
數(shù)據(jù)表現(xiàn)在有一條數(shù)據(jù)。
我們多添加幾條數(shù)據(jù),如:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+ ID NAME AGE BIRTHDAY
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+ 1 Anny 22 1992-05-22 00:00:00
2 Garvey 23 1991-05-22 00:00:00
3 Lisa 25 1989-05-22 00:00:00
4 Nick 24 1990-05-22 00:00:00 5 Rick 24 1991-05-22 00:00:00
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.2 刪除數(shù)據(jù)(刪)
delete 命令刪除數(shù)據(jù):
mysql> delete from PEOPLE where name = 'Lisa';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
再次查詢PEOPLE表:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+ ID NAME AGE BIRTHDAY
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+ 1 Anny 22 1992-05-22 00:00:00
2 Garvey 23 1991-05-22 00:00:00
4 Nick 24 1990-05-22 00:00:00 5 Rick 24 1991-05-22 00:00:00
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
已經(jīng)看不到名為“Lisa”的數(shù)據(jù)了。
3.3 修改數(shù)據(jù)(改)
update 命令修改數(shù)據(jù):
mysql> update PEOPLE set name='Calvin' where name = 'Garvey';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
查詢PEOPLE表內(nèi)容:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+ ID NAME AGE BIRTHDAY
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+ 1 Anny 22 1992-05-22 00:00:00
2 Calvin 23 1991-05-22 00:00:00
4 Nick 24 1990-05-22 00:00:00 5 Rick 24 1991-05-22 00:00:00
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
名為“Garvey”的記錄已經(jīng)修改為“Calvin”。
3.4 查詢數(shù)據(jù)(查)
select 命令查詢數(shù)據(jù),最簡單的就是查詢表的所有數(shù)據(jù),也就是我們最初使用到的那條命令:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+ ID NAME AGE BIRTHDAY
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+ 1 Anny 22 1992-05-22 00:00:00
2 Calvin 23 1991-05-22 00:00:00
4 Nick 24 1990-05-22 00:00:00 5 Rick 24 1991-05-22 00:00:00
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
格式:select * from <表名>,*代表所有字段。
查詢數(shù)據(jù)時也可指定顯示的(列)字段:
mysql> select NAME, AGE, BIRTHDAY from PEOPLE;
+--------+-----+---------------------+ NAME AGE BIRTHDAY
+--------+-----+---------------------+ Anny 22 1992-05-22 00:00:00
Calvin 23 1991-05-22 00:00:00
Nick 24 1990-05-22 00:00:00 Rick 24 1991-05-22 00:00:00
+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
格式:select <字段名,字段名,…> from <表名>。
select查詢命令還有很多的高級用法,比如用來查找不重復(fù)(distinct)的數(shù)據(jù),使數(shù)據(jù)按條件排序(order by),按查詢條件顯示數(shù)據(jù)(where)等等。這些都會在下一篇文章作重點(diǎn)介紹,請大家繼續(xù)留意我的博客,謝謝。
4、管理視圖
4.1 創(chuàng)建視圖
視圖是從數(shù)據(jù)庫里導(dǎo)出一個或多個表的虛擬表,是用來方便用戶對數(shù)據(jù)的操作。
mysql> CREATE VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW (
-> NAME, AGE)
-> AS SELECT NAME, AGE FROM PEOPLE;
創(chuàng)建成功后查看視圖。
PEOPLE PEOPLE.AGE PEOPLE.BIRTHDAY PEOPLE.ID PEOPLE.NAME mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW
-> ;+--------+-----+
NAME AGE
+--------+-----+
Anny 22
Calvin 23
Nick 24
Rick 24
+--------+-----+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
我們也可以使用 DESC 命令查看視圖的結(jié)構(gòu)。
mysql> DESC PEOPLE_VIEW;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ Field Type Null Key Default Extra
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ ID int(11) NO 0
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)
4.2 替換視圖
創(chuàng)建或替換原有視圖。
mysql> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW(PEOPLE_ID,PEOPLE_NAME,PEOPLE_AGE) AS SELECT ID,NAME,AGE FROM PEOPLE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
創(chuàng)建或替換后查看視圖。
mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW;
+-----------+-------------+------------+ PEOPLE_ID PEOPLE_NAME PEOPLE_AGE
+-----------+-------------+------------+ 1 Anny 22
2 Calvin 23
4 Nick 24 5 Rick 24
+-----------+-------------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4.3 操作視圖
當(dāng)視圖數(shù)據(jù)有變化時(增、刪、改),真實的表數(shù)據(jù)也會隨著改變。也就是說,對視圖的操作就是對表的數(shù)據(jù),所以我們可以把視圖當(dāng)作表。
例:往視圖插入一條數(shù)據(jù)。
mysql> INSERT INTO PEOPLE_VIEW VALUES(NULL, 'Kerry', '33');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
插入數(shù)據(jù)成功后查看視圖。
mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW ;
+-----------+-------------+------------+ PEOPLE_ID PEOPLE_NAME PEOPLE_AGE
+-----------+-------------+------------+ 1 Anny 22
2 Calvin 23
4 Nick 24
5 Rick 24 6 Kerry 33
+-----------+-------------+------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以在視圖上看到我們剛剛插入的數(shù)據(jù),現(xiàn)在我們就來驗證一下真實的表是否也會作出變化。
mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+ ID NAME AGE BIRTHDAY
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+ 1 Anny 22 1992-05-22 00:00:00
2 Calvin 23 1991-05-22 00:00:00
4 Nick 24 1990-05-22 00:00:00
5 Rick 24 1991-05-22 00:00:00 6 Kerry 33 NULL
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可見,真實的表數(shù)據(jù)也已經(jīng)有所改變,剛剛往視圖里插入的那一條數(shù)據(jù)存在于真實表中,真理便是:對視圖的操作就是對表的數(shù)據(jù)。
4.4 刪除視圖
mysql> DROP VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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