Java套接字編程(上)(3)
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2024-02-11 來源:明輝站整理相關(guān)軟件相關(guān)文章人氣:
[摘要]ServerSocket類 由于SSClient使用了流套接字,所以服務(wù)程序也要使用流套接字。這就要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)ServerSocket對(duì)象,ServerSocket有幾個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù),最簡(jiǎn)單的是ServerSocket(int port),當(dāng)使用ServerSocket(int port)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Se...
ServerSocket類
由于SSClient使用了流套接字,所以服務(wù)程序也要使用流套接字。這就要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)ServerSocket對(duì)象,ServerSocket有幾個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù),最簡(jiǎn)單的是ServerSocket(int port),當(dāng)使用ServerSocket(int port)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)ServerSocket對(duì)象,port參數(shù)傳遞端口號(hào),這個(gè)端口就是服務(wù)器監(jiān)聽連接請(qǐng)求的端口,如果在這時(shí)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤將拋出IOException異常對(duì)象,否則將創(chuàng)建ServerSocket對(duì)象并開始準(zhǔn)備接收連接請(qǐng)求。
接下來服務(wù)程序進(jìn)入無(wú)限循環(huán)之中,無(wú)限循環(huán)從調(diào)用ServerSocket的accept()方法開始,在調(diào)用開始后accept()方法將導(dǎo)致調(diào)用線程阻塞直到連接建立。在建立連接后accept()返回一個(gè)最近創(chuàng)建的Socket對(duì)象,該Socket對(duì)象綁定了客戶程序的IP地址或端口號(hào)。
由于存在單個(gè)服務(wù)程序與多個(gè)客戶程序通訊的可能,所以服務(wù)程序響應(yīng)客戶程序不應(yīng)該花很多時(shí)間,否則客戶程序在得到服務(wù)前有可能花很多時(shí)間來等待通訊的建立,然而服務(wù)程序和客戶程序的會(huì)話有可能是很長(zhǎng)的(這與電話類似),因此為加快對(duì)客戶程序連接請(qǐng)求的響應(yīng),典型的方法是服務(wù)器主機(jī)運(yùn)行一個(gè)后臺(tái)線程,這個(gè)后臺(tái)線程處理服務(wù)程序和客戶程序的通訊。
為了示范我們?cè)谏厦嬲劦降目畈⑼瓿蒘SClient程序,下面我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)SSServer程序,程序?qū)?chuàng)建一個(gè)ServerSocket對(duì)象來監(jiān)聽端口10000的連接請(qǐng)求,如果成功服務(wù)程序?qū)⒌却B接輸入,開始一個(gè)線程處理連接,并響應(yīng)來自客戶程序的命令。下面就是這段程序的代碼:
Listing 3: SSServer.java
// SSServer.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
class SSServer
{
public static void main (String [] args) throws IOException
{
System.out.println ("Server starting...\n");
// Create a server socket that listens for incoming connection
// requests on port 10000.
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket (10000);
while (true)
{
// Listen for incoming connection requests from client
// programs, establish a connection, and return a Socket
// object that represents this connection.
Socket s = server.accept ();
System.out.println ("Accepting Connection...\n");
// Start a thread to handle the connection.
new ServerThread (s).start ();
}
}
}
class ServerThread extends Thread
{
private Socket s;
ServerThread (Socket s)
{
this.s = s;
}
public void run ()
{
BufferedReader br = null;
PrintWriter pw = null;
try
{
// Create an input stream reader that chains to the socket's
// byte-oriented input stream. The input stream reader
// converts bytes read from the socket to characters. The
// conversion is based on the platform's default character
// set.
InputStreamReader isr;
isr = new InputStreamReader (s.getInputStream ());
// Create a buffered reader that chains to the input stream
// reader. The buffered reader supplies a convenient method
// for reading entire lines of text.
br = new BufferedReader (isr);
// Create a print writer that chains to the socket's byte-
// oriented output stream. The print writer creates an
// intermediate output stream writer that converts
// characters sent to the socket to bytes. The conversion
// is based on the platform's default character set.
pw = new PrintWriter (s.getOutputStream (), true);
// Create a calendar that makes it possible to obtain date
// and time information.
Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance ();
// Because the client program may send multiple commands, a
// loop is required. Keep looping until the client either
// explicitly requests termination by sending a command
// beginning with letters BYE or implicitly requests
// termination by closing its output stream.
do
{
// Obtain the client program's next command.
String cmd = br.readLine ();
// Exit if client program has closed its output stream.
if (cmd == null)
break;
// Convert command to uppercase, for ease of comparison.
cmd = cmd.toUpperCase ();
// If client program sends BYE command, terminate.
if (cmd.startsWith ("BYE"))
break;
// If client program sends DATE or TIME command, return
// current date/time to the client program.
if (cmd.startsWith ("DATE") cmd.startsWith ("TIME"))
pw.println (c.getTime ().toString ());
// If client program sends DOM (Day Of Month) command,
// return current day of month to the client program.
if (cmd.startsWith ("DOM"))
pw.println ("" + c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));
// If client program sends DOW (Day Of Week) command,
// return current weekday (as a string) to the client
// program.
if (cmd.startsWith ("DOW"))
switch (c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK))
{
case Calendar.SUNDAY : pw.println ("SUNDAY");
break;
case Calendar.MONDAY : pw.println ("MONDAY");
break;
case Calendar.TUESDAY : pw.println ("TUESDAY");
break;
case Calendar.WEDNESDAY: pw.println ("WEDNESDAY");
break;
case Calendar.THURSDAY : pw.println ("THURSDAY");
break;
case Calendar.FRIDAY : pw.println ("FRIDAY");
break;
case Calendar.SATURDAY : pw.println ("SATURDAY");
}
// If client program sends DOY (Day of Year) command,
// return current day of year to the client program.
if (cmd.startsWith ("DOY"))
pw.println ("" + c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR));
// If client program sends PAUSE command, sleep for three
// seconds.
if (cmd.startsWith ("PAUSE"))
try
{
Thread.sleep (3000);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
}
}
while (true);
{
catch (IOException e)
{
System.out.println (e.toString ());
}
finally
{
System.out.println ("Closing Connection...\n");
try
{
if (br != null)
br.close ();
if (pw != null)
pw.close ();
if (s != null)
s.close ();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
}
}
}
}
運(yùn)行這段程序?qū)⒌玫较旅娴妮敵觯?br>
Server starting...
Accepting Connection...
Closing Connection...
SSServer的源代碼聲明了一對(duì)類:SSServer 和ServerThread;SSServer的main()方法創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)ServerSocket對(duì)象來監(jiān)聽端口10000上的連接請(qǐng)求,如果成功, SSServer進(jìn)入一個(gè)無(wú)限循環(huán)中,交替調(diào)用ServerSocket的 accept() 方法來等待連接請(qǐng)求,同時(shí)啟動(dòng)后臺(tái)線程處理連接(accept()返回的請(qǐng)求)。線程由ServerThread繼承的start()方法開始,并執(zhí)行ServerThread的run()方法中的代碼。
一旦run()方法運(yùn)行,線程將創(chuàng)建BufferedReader, PrintWriter和 Calendar對(duì)象并進(jìn)入一個(gè)循環(huán),這個(gè)循環(huán)由讀(通過BufferedReader的 readLine())來自客戶程序的一行文本開始,文本(命令)存儲(chǔ)在cmd引用的string對(duì)象中,如果客戶程序過早的關(guān)閉輸出流,會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢?答案是:cmd將得不到賦值。
注意必須考慮到這種情況:在服務(wù)程序正在讀輸入流時(shí),客戶程序關(guān)閉了輸出流,如果沒有對(duì)這種情況進(jìn)行處理,那么程序?qū)a(chǎn)生異常。
一旦編譯了SSServer的源代碼,通過輸入Java SSServer來運(yùn)行程序,在開始運(yùn)行SSServer后,就可以運(yùn)行一個(gè)或多個(gè)SSClient程序。