ADO.NET中的多數(shù)據(jù)表設(shè)置淺析之讀取
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2024-05-25 來源:明輝站整理相關(guān)軟件相關(guān)文章人氣:
[摘要]在開發(fā)基于.NET平臺(tái)的數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用程序時(shí),我們一般都會(huì)用到DataSet,作為ADO.NET的核心類它為我們提供了強(qiáng)大的功能,而整個(gè)看上去就像是放在內(nèi)存內(nèi)的一個(gè)小型數(shù)據(jù)庫,內(nèi)部包括了DataTable、DataView、DataRow、DataColumn、Constraint以及DataRela...
在開發(fā)基于.NET平臺(tái)的數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用程序時(shí),我們一般都會(huì)用到DataSet,作為ADO.NET的核心類它為我們提供了強(qiáng)大的功能,而整個(gè)看上去就像是放在內(nèi)存內(nèi)的一個(gè)小型數(shù)據(jù)庫,內(nèi)部包括了DataTable、DataView、DataRow、DataColumn、Constraint以及DataRelation。當(dāng)初看到它時(shí)真的是有點(diǎn)興奮。
下面根據(jù)我的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)來舉例說明在ADO.NET中的多表填充、關(guān)聯(lián)表更新以及多個(gè)Command對象執(zhí)行過程中啟用事務(wù)的操作。歡迎大家交流,或在Blog上留言。
一、準(zhǔn)備工作
對于NorthWind數(shù)據(jù)庫大家都比較熟悉,所以這里拿它為例,我把Customers(客戶表)、Orders(訂單表)、Order Details(訂單詳細(xì)表)合起來建立了一個(gè)類型化的數(shù)據(jù)集,類型名稱為DatasetOrders,每個(gè)表只包括一些字段,下面是在Visual Studio .NET中建立的一個(gè)截圖:
上面建立了兩個(gè)關(guān)系表示為Customers —> Orders —>Order Details。因?yàn)镺rders表的OrderID字段為自動(dòng)增長列,這里把就把它的AutoIncrementSeed和AutoIncrementStep值設(shè)置成了-1,這在實(shí)際添加訂單的過程中可能會(huì)比較明顯,不過不設(shè)也沒問題。
二.填充數(shù)據(jù)集
建立一個(gè)窗體程序來演示實(shí)際的操作,界面如下:
圖2-1 |
整個(gè)應(yīng)用程序就是一個(gè)Form,上面的三個(gè)DataGrid分別用來顯示相關(guān)表的數(shù)據(jù),不過他們是互動(dòng)的。另外的兩個(gè)單選框用來決定更新數(shù)據(jù)的方式,兩個(gè)按鈕正如他們的名稱來完成相應(yīng)的功能。
這里我們用一個(gè)DataAdapter來完成數(shù)據(jù)集的填充,執(zhí)行的存儲(chǔ)過程如下:
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrdersInfo
AS
SELECT CustomerID,CompanyName,ContactName FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID LIKE 'A%'
SELECT OrderID,OrderDate,CustomerID FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID IN (SELECT CustomerID FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID LIKE 'A%')
SELECT OrderID,ProductID,UnitPrice,Quantity,Discount FROM [Order Details] WHERE OrderID IN (SELECT OrderID FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID IN (SELECT CustomerID FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID LIKE 'A%'))
GO |
為了減少數(shù)據(jù)量,這里只取了CustomerID以’A’開頭的數(shù)據(jù)。建立DataAccess類來管理窗體同數(shù)據(jù)層的交互:
using System; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; using Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.Data; namespace WinformTest { public class DataAccess { private string _connstring = "data source=(local);initial catalog=Northwind;uid=csharp;pwd=c#.net2004;"; private SqlConnection _conn; ///構(gòu)造函數(shù) public DataAccess() { _conn = new SqlConnection(_connstring); } |
下面的函數(shù)完成單個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)適配器來完成數(shù)據(jù)集的填充,
public void FillCustomerOrdersInfo(DatasetOrders ds) { SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand("GetCustomerOrdersInfo",_conn); comm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(comm); dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add("Table","Customers"); dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add("Table1","Orders"); dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add("Table2","Order Details"); dataAdapter.Fill(ds); } |
如果使用SqlHelper來填充那就更簡單了:
public void FillCustomerOrdersInfoWithSqlHelper(DatasetOrders ds) { SqlHelper.FillDataset(_connstring,CommandType.StoredProcedure,"GetCustomerOrdersInfo",ds,new string[]{"Customers","Orders","Order Details"}); } |
叉開話題提一下,Data Access Application Block 2.0中的SqlHelper.FillDataset這個(gè)方法超過兩個(gè)表的填充時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,其實(shí)里面的邏輯是錯(cuò)的,只不過兩個(gè)表的時(shí)候剛好湊巧,下面是從里面截的代碼:
private static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
{ if( connection == null ) throw new ArgumentNullException( "connection" ); if( dataSet == null ) throw new ArgumentNullException( "dataSet" ); SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(); bool mustCloseConnection = false; PrepareCommand(command, connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection );
using( SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(command) ) { if (tableNames != null && tableNames.Length > 0) { string tableName = "Table"; for (int index=0; index < tableNames.Length; index++) { if( tableNames[index] == null tableNames[index].Length == 0 ) throw new ArgumentException( "The tableNames parameter must contain a list of tables, a value was provided as null or empty string.", "tableNames" );
tableName += (index + 1).ToString();//這里出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤
} } dataAdapter.Fill(dataSet); command.Parameters.Clear(); } if( mustCloseConnection ) connection.Close(); } |
這里把tableName += (index + 1).ToString();修改成
dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add((index>0) (tableName+index.ToString()):tableName, tableNames[index]);就能解決問題。 |
接下來看看窗體程序的代碼:
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form { private DataAccess _dataAccess; private DatasetOrders _ds; //…… //構(gòu)造函數(shù) public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); _dataAccess = new DataAccess(); _ds = new DatasetOrders(); _ds.EnforceConstraints = false; //關(guān)閉約束檢查,提高數(shù)據(jù)填充效率 this.dataGridCustomers.DataSource = _ds; this.dataGridCustomers.DataMember = _ds.Customers.TableName; this.dataGridOrders.DataSource = _ds; this.dataGridOrders.DataMember = _ds.Customers.TableName+"."+_ds.Customers.ChildRelations[0].RelationName; this.dataGridOrderDetails.DataSource = _ds; this.dataGridOrderDetails.DataMember =_ds.Customers.TableName+"."+ _ds.Customers.ChildRelations[0].RelationName+"."+ _ds.Orders.ChildRelations[0].RelationName; } |
對于上面的三個(gè)表的動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)聯(lián),你也可以使用SetDataBinding方法來完成數(shù)據(jù)的動(dòng)態(tài)綁定,而不是分別指定DataGride的DataSource和DataMemger屬性。
this.dataGridCustomers.SetDataBinding(_ds,_ds.Customers.TableName);
this.dataGridOrders.SetDataBinding(_ds,_ds.Customers.TableName+"."+_ds.Customers.ChildRelations[0].RelationName);
this.dataGridOrderDetails.SetDataBinding(_ds,_ds.Customers.TableName+"."+ _ds.Customers.ChildRelations[0].RelationName+"."+_ds.Orders.ChildRelations[0].RelationName); } |
數(shù)據(jù)填充事件處理如下:
private void buttonFillData_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { _ds.Clear();//重新填充數(shù)據(jù)集 _dataAccess.FillCustomerOrdersInfo(_ds); //_dataAccess.FillCustomerOrdersInfoWithSqlHelper(_ds); } |
執(zhí)行上面的事件處理函數(shù)我們會(huì)看到數(shù)據(jù)顯示到對應(yīng)的DataGrid上,如(圖2-1)所示。
如果使用數(shù)據(jù)讀取器獲取多表紀(jì)錄下面是實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種方式(參考):
SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand("GetCustomerOrdersInfo",_conn); comm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; _conn.Open(); SqlDataReader reader = comm.ExecuteReader(); do { while(reader.Read()) { Console.WriteLine(reader[0].ToString());//獲取數(shù)據(jù)代碼 } }while(reader.NextResult()); Console.ReadLine(); _conn.Close();
|