明輝手游網(wǎng)中心:是一個免費提供流行視頻軟件教程、在線學(xué)習(xí)分享的學(xué)習(xí)平臺!

用J2ME在移動設(shè)備上完成動畫

[摘要]使用MIDP(Mobile Information Device Profile)的開發(fā)人員經(jīng)常會抱怨用些什么辦法才可以在一個MIDlet上顯示動畫。MIDP 1.0 沒有直接提供對動畫的支持(MIDP 2.0支持),但真要是自己去實現(xiàn),其實也并非是一件很難的事。   任何動畫的最基本的前提,是要...
使用MIDP(Mobile Information Device Profile)的開發(fā)人員經(jīng)常會抱怨用些什么辦法才可以在一個MIDlet上顯示動畫。MIDP 1.0 沒有直接提供對動畫的支持(MIDP 2.0支持),但真要是自己去實現(xiàn),其實也并非是一件很難的事。

  任何動畫的最基本的前提,是要在足夠快的時間內(nèi)顯示和更換一張張的圖片,讓人的眼睛看到動的畫面效果。圖片必須按照順序畫出來。從一張圖片到下一張圖片之間的變化越小,效果會越好。

  首先要做的,是使用你的圖片處理軟件(比如ps或者firework)創(chuàng)建一系列相同大小的圖片來組成動畫。每張圖片代表動畫一幀。你需要制作一定數(shù)量的禎--越多的幀會讓你的動畫看上去越平滑。制作好的圖片一定要保存成PNG(Portable Network Graphics)格式,MIDP唯一支持的圖片格式。

  有兩個辦法讓你剛做好的圖片在MIDlet上變成動畫。第一,把圖片都放到一個web服務(wù)器上,讓MIDlet下載他們,MIDP內(nèi)置的HTTP支持。第二個辦法更簡單,把圖片用MIDlet打包成jar文件。如果你使用的是J2ME開發(fā)工具,把PNG文件放你的項目文件里面就可以了。

  動畫的過程其實更像帳本記錄:顯示當(dāng)前幀,然后適當(dāng)?shù)馗鼡Q到下一幀。那么使用一個類來完成這個工作應(yīng)該是很恰當(dāng)?shù),那好,我們就先定義一個AnimatedImage類:

import java.util.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
// 定義了一個動畫,該動畫其實只是一系列相同大小的圖片
// 輪流顯示,然后模擬出的動畫
public class AnimatedImage extends TimerTask {;
private Canvas canvas;
private Image[] images;
private int[][] clipList;
private int current;
private int x;
private int y;
private int w;
private int h;

// Construct an animation with no canvas.

public AnimatedImage( Image[] images ){;
 this( null, images, null );
};

// Construct an animation with a null clip list.

public AnimatedImage( Canvas canvas, Image[] images )
{;
 this( canvas, images, null );
};

// Construct an animation. The canvas can be null,
// but if not null then a repaint will be triggered
// on it each time the image changes due to a timer
// event. If a clip list is specified, the image is
// drawn multiple times, each time with a different
// clip rectangle, to simulate transparent parts.

public AnimatedImage( Canvas canvas, Image[] images, int[][] clipList ){;
 this.canvas = canvas;
 this.images = images;
 this.clipList = clipList;

 if( images != null && clipList != null ){;
  if( clipList.length < images.length ){;
   throw new IllegalArgumentException();
  };
 };

 if( images != null && images.length > 0 ){;
  w = images[0].getWidth();
  h = images[0].getHeight();
 };
};

// Move to the next frame, wrapping if necessary.

public void advance( boolean repaint ){;
 if( ++current >= images.length ){;
  current = 0;
 };

 if( repaint && canvas != null && canvas.isShown() ){;
  canvas.repaint( x, y, w, h );
  canvas.serviceRepaints();
 };
};

// Draw the current image in the animation. If
// no clip list, just a simple copy, otherwise
// set the clipping rectangle accordingly and
// draw the image multiple times.

public void draw( Graphics g ){;
 if( w == 0 h == 0 ) return;
 int which = current;
 if( clipList == null clipList[which] == null ){;
  g.drawImage( images[which], x, y,
  g.TOP g.LEFT );
 }; else {;
  int cx = g.getClipX();
  int cy = g.getClipY();
  int cw = g.getClipWidth();
  int ch = g.getClipHeight();

  int[] list = clipList[which];

  for( int i = 0; i + 3 <= list.length; i +=4 ){;
   g.setClip( x + list[0], y + list[1], list[2], list[3] );
   g.drawImage( images[which], x, y,
   g.TOP g.LEFT );
  };

  g.setClip( cx, cy, cw, ch );
 };
};

// Moves the animation's top left corner.

public void move( int x, int y ){;
 this.x = x;
 this.y = y;
};

// Invoked by the timer. Advances to the next frame
// and causes a repaint if a canvas is specified.

 public void run(){;
  if( w == 0 h == 0 ) return;
 
  advance( true );
 };
};


  你實例化一個AnimatedImage對象的時候你必須給AnimatedImage類的構(gòu)造方法傳一個Image對象數(shù)組,該數(shù)組代表動畫的每一幀。使用的所有圖片必須具有相同的高度和寬度。

  用Image.createImage()方法從jar文件里面加載圖片:

private Image[] loadFrames( String name, int frames )
throws IOException {;
 Image[] images = new Image[frames];
 for( int i = 0; i < frames; ++i ){;
  images = Image.createImage( name + i +".png" );
 };
 return images;
};


  你也可以傳遞一個Canvas對象(可選),和一個剪輯列表(clip list)。如果你指定了一個canvas和使用一個timer來自動更換到動畫的下一幀,就如下面的例子代碼中一樣,canvas在動畫向前滾動以后自動被重畫(repaint)。不過這樣的實現(xiàn)辦法是可選的,你可以這樣做,也可以讓程序選擇合適的時候重畫canvas。

  因為MIDP 1.0不支持透明的圖片,AnimatedImage 類使用一個剪輯列表來模擬透明的效果,剪輯列表是圖片被剪成的方塊區(qū)域的系列。圖片被畫出來的時候分開幾次,每次畫一個剪輯列表里面的剪輯區(qū)域。剪輯列表在幀的基礎(chǔ)上被定義好,所以你需要為圖片的每一幀創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)組。數(shù)組的大小應(yīng)該是4的倍數(shù),因為每一個剪輯面積保持了四個數(shù)值:左坐標(biāo),頂坐標(biāo),寬度以及高度。坐標(biāo)的原點是整個圖片的左上角。需要注意的是使用了剪輯列表會使動畫慢下來。如果圖片更加復(fù)雜的話,你應(yīng)該使用矢量圖片。

  AnimatedImage類擴(kuò)展了java.util.TimerTask,允許你設(shè)定一個timer。這里有個例子說明如何使用timer做動畫:

Timer timer = new Timer();
AnimatedImage ai = ..... // get the image
timer.schedule( ai, 200, 200 );

  每隔大約200毫秒,timer調(diào)用AnimatedImage.run()方法一次,這個方法使得動畫翻滾到下一個幀。現(xiàn)在我們需要的是讓MIDlet來試試顯示動畫!我們定義一個簡單的Canvas類的子類,好讓我們把動畫“粘貼上去”。

import java.util.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;

// A canvas to which you can attach one or more
// animated images. When the canvas is painted,
// it cycles through the animated images and asks
// them to paint their current image.

public class AnimatedCanvas extends Canvas {;
 private Display display;
 private Image offscreen;
 private Vector images = new Vector();

 public AnimatedCanvas( Display display ){;
  this.display = display;

  // If the canvas is not double buffered by the
  // system, do it ourselves...

  if( !isDoubleBuffered() ){;
   offscreen = Image.createImage( getWidth(),
   getHeight() );
  };
 };

 // Add an animated image to the list.

 public void add( AnimatedImage image ){;
  images.addElement( image );
 };

 // Paint the canvas by erasing the screen and then
 // painting each animated image in turn. Double
 // buffering is used to reduce flicker.

 protected void paint( Graphics g ){;
  Graphics saved = g;

  if( offscreen != null ){;
   g = offscreen.getGraphics();
  };

  g.setColor( 255, 255, 255 );
  g.fillRect( 0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight() );

  int n = images.size();
  for( int i = 0; i < n; ++i ){;
   AnimatedImage img = (AnimatedImage)
   images.elementAt( i );
   img.draw( g );
  };

  if( g != saved ){;
   saved.drawImage( offscreen, 0, 0,
   Graphics.LEFT Graphics.TOP );
  };
 };
};

  AnimatedCanvas 類的代碼相當(dāng)簡單,由一個動畫導(dǎo)入方法和一個paint方法。canvas畫布每次被畫,背景都會被擦除然后循環(huán)每個導(dǎo)入的AnimatedImage對象,直接畫到自己身上來(自己擴(kuò)展了canvas類)。

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;

// MIDlet that displays some simple animations.
// Displays a series of birds on the screen and
// animates them at different (random) rates.

public class AnimationTest extends MIDlet
implements CommandListener {;

 private static final int BIRD_FRAMES = 7;
 private static final int NUM_BIRDS = 5;

 private Display display;
 private Timer timer = new Timer();
 private AnimatedImage[] birds;
 private Random random = new Random();

 public static final Command exitCommand = new Command( "Exit",Command.EXIT, 1 );
 public AnimationTest(){; };

 public void commandAction( Command c,Displayable d ){;
  if( c == exitCommand ){;
   exitMIDlet();
  };
 };

 protected void destroyApp( boolean unconditional )
  throws MIDletStateChangeException {;
   exitMIDlet();
  };

 public void exitMIDlet(){;
  timer.cancel(); // turn it off...
  notifyDestroyed();
 };

 // Generate a non-negative random number...

 private int genRandom( int upper ){;
  return( Math.abs( random.nextInt() ) % upper );
 };

 public Display getDisplay(){; return display; };

 // Initialize things by creating the canvas and then
 // creating a series of birds that are moved to
 // random locations on the canvas and attached to
 // a timer for scheduling.

 protected void initMIDlet(){;
  try {;
   AnimatedCanvas c = new
   AnimatedCanvas( getDisplay() );
   Image[] images =loadFrames( "/images/bird", BIRD_FRAMES );

   int w = c.getWidth();
   int h = c.getHeight();

   birds = new AnimatedImage[ NUM_BIRDS ];
   for( int i = 0; i < NUM_BIRDS; ++i ){;
    AnimatedImage b = new
    AnimatedImage( c, images );
    birds = b;
    b.move( genRandom( w ), genRandom( h ) );
    c.add( b );
    timer.schedule( b, genRandom( 1000 ),genRandom( 400 ) );
   };

   c.addCommand( exitCommand );
   c.setCommandListener( this );

   getDisplay().setCurrent( c );
  };
  catch( IOException e ){;
   System.out.println( "Could not load images" );
   exitMIDlet();
  };
 };

 // Load the bird animation, which is stored as a
 // series of PNG files in the MIDlet suite.

 private Image[] loadFrames( String name, int frames )
 throws IOException {;
  Image[] images = new Image[frames];
  for( int i = 0; i < frames; ++i ){;
   images = Image.createImage( name + i + ".png" );
  };

  return images;
 };

 protected void pauseApp(){; };

 protected void startApp()
 throws MIDletStateChangeException {;
  if( display == null ){;
   display = Display.getDisplay( this );
   initMIDlet();
  };
 };
};

  七幀圖片的動畫,你可以看到一個拍著翅膀的小鳥。MIDlet顯示了5只小鳥,小鳥的位置和刷新速度是隨機(jī)的。你可以用一些其他的辦法來改進(jìn)這個程序,但這個程序也應(yīng)該足夠能讓你上手了。