Windows的多線程程序設(shè)計初步
發(fā)表時間:2024-02-17 來源:明輝站整理相關(guān)軟件相關(guān)文章人氣:
[摘要]一般情況下多線程編程多采用MFC類庫實現(xiàn),那么如果不使用MFC 如何進行多線程程序設(shè)計呢?本文將就這個問題進行討論: 微軟在Windows API中提供了建立新的線程的函數(shù)CreateThread,它的語法如下:hThread = CreateThread (&security_attr...
一般情況下多線程編程多采用MFC類庫實現(xiàn),那么如果不使用MFC 如何進行多線程程序設(shè)計呢?本文將就這個問題進行討論:
微軟在Windows API中提供了建立新的線程的函數(shù)CreateThread,它的語法如下:
hThread = CreateThread (&security_attributes, dwStackSize, ThreadProc,pParam, dwFlags, &idThread) ;
第一個參數(shù)是指向SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES型態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)的指針。在Windows 98中忽略該參數(shù)。在Windows NT中,它被設(shè)為NULL。第二個參數(shù)是用于新線程的初始堆棧大小,默認值為0。在任何情況下,Windows根據(jù)需要動態(tài)延長堆棧的大小。
CreateThread的第三個參數(shù)是指向線程函數(shù)的指標。函數(shù)名稱沒有限制,但是必須以下列形式聲明:
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc (PVOID pParam) ;
CreateThread的第四個參數(shù)為傳遞給ThreadProc的參數(shù)。這樣主線程和從屬線程就可以共享數(shù)據(jù)。
CreateThread的第五個參數(shù)通常為0,但當建立的線程不馬上執(zhí)行時為旗標CREATE_SUSPENDED。線程將暫停直到呼叫ResumeThread來恢復(fù)線程的執(zhí)行為止。第六個參數(shù)是一個指標,指向接受執(zhí)行緒ID值的變量。
大多數(shù)Windows程序?qū)懽髡呦矚g用在PROCESS.H表頭文件中聲明的C執(zhí)行時期鏈接庫函數(shù)_beginthread。它的語法如下:
hThread = _beginthread (ThreadProc, uiStackSize, pParam) ;
它更簡單,對于大多數(shù)應(yīng)用程序很完美,這個線程函數(shù)的語法為:
void __cdecl ThreadProc (void * pParam) ;
在建立多線程的Windows程序時,需要在「Project Settings」對話框中做一些修改。選擇「C/C++」頁面標簽,然后在「Category」下拉式清單方塊中選擇「Code Generation」。在「Use Run-Time Library」下拉式清單方塊中,可以看到用于「Release」設(shè)定的「Single-Threaded」和用于Debug設(shè)定的「Debug Single-Threaded」。將這些分別改為「Multithreaded」和「Debug Multithreaded」。這將把編譯器旗標改為/MT,它是編譯器在編譯多線程的應(yīng)用程序所需要的。
第一個demo.
/*******************************************************
*
* deom1---四個線程同時寫一個文件( 沒有參數(shù) )
*
*
***********************************************************/
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h> /* _beginthread, _endthread */
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
ofstream out("out.txt");
void ThreadFunc1(PVOID param)
{
while(1)
{
Sleep(10);
out<<"This was draw by thread l"<<endl;
}
}
void ThreadFunc2(PVOID param)
{
while(1)
{
Sleep(10);
out<<"This was draw by thread 2"<<endl;
}
}
void ThreadFunc3(PVOID param)
{
while(1)
{
Sleep(10);
out<<"This was draw by thread 3"<<endl;
}
}
void ThreadFunc4(PVOID param)
{
while(1)
{
Sleep(10);
out<<"This was draw by thread 4"<<endl;
}
}
int main()
{
int i=0;
_beginthread(ThreadFunc1,0,NULL);
_beginthread(ThreadFunc2,0,NULL);
_beginthread(ThreadFunc3,0,NULL);
_beginthread(ThreadFunc4,0,NULL);
Sleep(3000);
out<<"end";
return 0;
}
//demo1 end-----------------------------------------------
第二個demo.
/*******************************************************
*
* deom2---四個線程同時寫一個文件( 有參數(shù) )
*
*
***********************************************************/
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h> /* _beginthread, _endthread */
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
ofstream out("out.txt");
void ThreadFunc1(PVOID param)
{
while(1)
{
char *p;
p=(char *) param;
Sleep(10);
out<<p<<"This was draw by thread l"<<endl;
}
}
void ThreadFunc2(PVOID param)
{
while(1)
{
Sleep(10);
out<<"This was draw by thread 2"<<endl;
}
}
void ThreadFunc3(PVOID param)
{
while(1)
{
Sleep(10);
out<<"This was draw by thread 3"<<endl;
}
}
void ThreadFunc4(PVOID param)
{
while(1)
{
Sleep(10);
out<<"This was draw by thread 4"<<endl;
}
}
int main()
{
char *pstr=" 參數(shù)傳遞成功";
_beginthread(ThreadFunc1,0,pstr);
_beginthread(ThreadFunc2,0,NULL);
_beginthread(ThreadFunc3,0,NULL);
_beginthread(ThreadFunc4,0,NULL);
Sleep(1000);
out<<"end";
return 0;
}
// demo2 end ------------------------------------------------
第三個demo( 一個win32 應(yīng)用程序 )
/*******************************************************
*
* deom3--- 在屏幕上隨機畫出一系列矩形
*
*
***********************************************************/
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
HWND hwnd ;
int cxClient, cyClient ;
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("RndRctMT") ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow ( szAppName, TEXT ("Random Rectangles"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
VOID Thread (PVOID pvoid)
{
HBRUSH hBrush ;
HDC hdc ;
int xLeft, xRight, yTop, yBottom, iRed, iGreen, iBlue ;
while (TRUE)
{
if (cxClient != 0 cyClient != 0)
{
xLeft = rand () % cxClient ;
xRight = rand () % cxClient ;
yTop = rand () % cyClient ;
yBottom = rand () % cyClient ;
iRed = rand () & 255 ;
iGreen = rand () & 255 ;
iBlue = rand () & 255 ;
hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ;
hBrush = CreateSolidBrush (RGB (iRed, iGreen, iBlue)) ;
SelectObject (hdc, hBrush) ;
Rectangle (hdc,min (xLeft, xRight), min (yTop, yBottom),
max (xLeft, xRight), max (yTop, yBottom)) ;
ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;
DeleteObject (hBrush) ;
}
}
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc ( HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
_beginthread (Thread, 0, NULL) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_SIZE:
cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
//demo4 end-----------------------------------------------
參考:windows 程序設(shè)計